{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:22:11Z","timestamp":1791166931160,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Functional ankle instability (FAI) affects a large part of the population. Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the existence of functional performance deficits in individuals with FAI.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To examine functional performance in participants with FAI compared with participants in a control group during 2 hopping tests.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Settings:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Athletic training research laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>There were 40 college-aged individuals who participated in our study: 20 with FAI and 20 without FAI. We defined <jats:italic>FAI<\/jats:italic> as history of an ankle sprain and residual episodes of \u201cgiving way.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Participants completed 2 functional performance tests (FPTs): the single-limb hopping and the single-limb hurdle tests.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Time to complete each test was recorded. Following each FPT, participants were asked if their ankles felt unstable during the test.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We found no difference between participants in the FAI and control groups for the hopping or hurdle tests (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05). When asked if their ankles felt unstable during the FPTs, approximately half of the participants in the FAI group and none of the participants in the control group reported a feeling of instability. Subsequently, a secondary analysis of variance was calculated with participants grouped into 3 categories: control participants, FAI participants reporting instability symptoms during FPT (FAI-S), and FAI participants not reporting instability symptoms during FPT (FAI-NS). Results revealed a difference among the 3 groups for the single-limb hopping test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01). Post hoc analysis revealed a difference between the FAI-S participants and both the control and the FAI-NS participants. No difference was identified for the single-limb hurdle test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u200a=\u200a .41).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The FAI-S participants had performance deficits during the single-limb hopping test. Therefore, clinicians could use this simple hopping test as an additional method to determine the presence of FAI.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.4.342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,30]],"date-time":"2009-12-30T15:37:25Z","timestamp":1262187445000},"page":"342-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Functional Performance Testing in Participants With Functional Ankle Instability and in a Healthy Control Group"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Amanda S.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie L.","family":"Docherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-43-4-342-Garrick1","series-title":"Clin Sports Med","first-page":"29","article-title":"The epidemiology of foot and ankle injuries in sports.","volume":"7","author":"Garrick, J. 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