{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:13:54Z","timestamp":1758708834133,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Increased near point of convergence (NPC) distance is a common finding after concussion and is associated with physical symptoms and worsened neurocognitive performance. Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening measures NPC distance across 3 trials and uses the average measurement to inform clinical care. However, whether 3 trials are necessary, are consistent, or add clinical utility is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the consistency across 3 trials of NPC and establish the classification accuracy (ie, clinical utility) of 1 or 2 trials compared with the standardized average of 3 trials.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sports medicine clinic and research laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Consecutively enrolled patients aged 10 to 22 years with diagnosed concussions (74% sport related; n = 380).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The previously reported clinical cutoff value of \u22655 cm across 3 trials was used. Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate agreement between trials and average scores. Reliable change indices (RCIs) using 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Pearson correlation (r = .98) and intraclass correlation (0.98) coefficients revealed excellent agreement between the first measurement and average NPC distance across 3 measurements. The RCI across all trials was 2 cm. When the first NPC measurement was \u22643 cm or \u22657 cm, agreement existed within the RCI between the first measurement and the average of 3 measurements in 99.6% of cases. When we averaged the first and second measurements, 379\/380 (99.7%) participants had the same classification (ie, &amp;lt;5 cm = normal, \u22655 cm = abnormal) as the average NPC distance across 3 measurements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest limited utility of multiple or average NPC distance measurements when the initial NPC distance is outside of RCI clinical cutoffs (ie, \u22643 cm or \u22657 cm). Given the high consistency between the first measurement and average NPC distance across 3 trials, only 1 measurement of NPC distance is warranted unless the first measurement is between 3 and 7 cm.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-431-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T01:46:47Z","timestamp":1592963207000},"page":"850-855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Utility of 1 Measurement Versus Multiple Measurements of Near Point of Convergence After Concussion"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Ernst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Schatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia M.","family":"Trbovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kouros","family":"Emami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn R.","family":"Eagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Mucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Center for Rehab Services, University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Kontos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020082414043594200_i1062-6050-55-8-850-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mullen\n              SJ,\n            \n            \n              Y\u00fccel\n              YH,\n            \n            \n              Cusimano\n              M,\n            \n      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