{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:40:15Z","timestamp":1790520015093,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Shoulder injuries are common in athletes involved in overhead sports, and scapular dyskinesis is believed to be one causative factor in these injuries. Many authors assert that abnormal scapular motion, so-called <jats:italic>dyskinesis<\/jats:italic>, is related to shoulder injury, but evidence from 3-dimensional measurement studies regarding this relationship is mixed. Reliable and valid clinical methods for detecting scapular dyskinesis are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To determine the interrater reliability of a new test designed to detect abnormal scapular motion.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Correlation design using ratings from multiple pairs of testers.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>University athletic training facilities.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>A sample of 142 athletes (from National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I and III) participating in sports requiring intense overhead arm use.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Participants were videotaped from the posterior aspect while performing 5 repetitions of bilateral, weighted (1.4-kg [3-lb] or 2.3-kg [5-lb]) shoulder flexion and frontal-plane abduction. Videotapes from randomly chosen participants were subsequently viewed and independently rated for the presence of scapular dyskinesis by 6 raters (3 pairs), with each pair rating 30 different participants. Raters were trained to detect scapular dyskinesis using a self-instructional format with standardized operational definitions and videotaped examples of normal and abnormal motion.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Scapular dyskinesis was defined as the presence of either winging or dysrhythmia. Right and left sides were rated independently as normal, subtle, or obvious dyskinesis. We calculated percentage of agreement and weighted kappa (\u03ba<jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>) coefficients to determine reliability.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Percentage of agreement was between 75% and 82%, and \u03ba<jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub> ranged from 0.48 to 0.61.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The test for scapular dyskinesis showed satisfactory reliability for clinical use in a sample of overhead athletes known to be at increased risk for shoulder symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.2.160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,30]],"date-time":"2009-12-30T15:36:56Z","timestamp":1262187416000},"page":"160-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":364,"title":["A Clinical Method for Identifying Scapular Dyskinesis, Part 1: Reliability"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"McClure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arcadia University, Glenside, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela R.","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arcadia University, Glenside, PA"},{"name":"H\/S Therapy Associates Inc, Lower Gwynedd, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kareha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Go Sport Physical Therapy, Gettysburg, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedCentral Health System, Shelby, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Zlupko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy@ACAC, Charlottesville, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"key":"i1062-6050-44-2-160-Warner1","series-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res","first-page":"191","article-title":"Scapulothoracic motion in normal shoulders and shoulders with glenohumeral instability and impingement syndrome.","volume":"285","author":"Warner, J. J. P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Warner, J. J. P., L. J.Micheli, L. E.Arslanian, J.Kennedy, and R.Kennedy. Scapulothoracic motion in normal shoulders and shoulders with glenohumeral instability and impingement syndrome.Clin Orthop Rel Res1992. 285:191\u2013199."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-160-Kibler1","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","first-page":"142","article-title":"Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder pain.","volume":"11","author":"Kibler, W. B.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kibler, W. B. and J.McMullen. Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder pain.J Am Acad Orthop Surg2003. 112:142\u2013151."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-160-Borstad1","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"227","article-title":"The effect of long versus short pectoralis minor resting length on scapular kinematics in healthy individuals.","volume":"35","author":"Borstad, J. D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Borstad, J. D. and P. M.Ludewig. The effect of long versus short pectoralis minor resting length on scapular kinematics in healthy individuals.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2005. 354:227\u2013238."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-160-Lukasiewicz1","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"574","article-title":"Comparison of 3-dimensional scapular position and orientation between subjects with and without shoulder impingement.","volume":"29","author":"Lukasiewicz, A. C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lukasiewicz, A. C., P.McClure, L.Michener, N.Pratt, and B.Sennett. Comparison of 3-dimensional scapular position and orientation between subjects with and without shoulder impingement.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther1999. 2910:574\u2013586."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-160-Ludewig1","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"276","article-title":"Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement.","volume":"80","author":"Ludewig, P. M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ludewig, P. M. and T. M.Cook. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement.Phys Ther2000. 803:276\u2013291."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-160-Schmitt1","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"31","article-title":"Role of scapular stabilizers in etiology and treatment of impingement syndrome.","volume":"29","author":"Schmitt, L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schmitt, L. and L.Snyder-Mackler. Role of scapular stabilizers in etiology and treatment of impingement syndrome.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther1999. 291:31\u201338."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-160-McClure1","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome.","volume":"86","author":"McClure, P. W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"McClure, P. W., L. A.Michener, and A. R.Karduna. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome.Phys Ther2006. 868:1075\u20131090."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-160-Odom1","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"799","article-title":"Measurement of scapular asymetry and assessment of shoulder dysfunction using the Lateral Scapular Slide Test: a reliability and validity study.","volume":"81","author":"Odom, C. J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Odom, C. J., A. B.Taylor, C. E.Hurd, and C. R.Denegar. Measurement of scapular asymetry and assessment of shoulder dysfunction using the Lateral Scapular Slide Test: a reliability and validity study.Phys Ther2001. 812:799\u2013809."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-160-Gibson1","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"100","article-title":"A reliability study of measurement techniques to determine static scapular position.","volume":"21","author":"Gibson, M. 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Scapulothoracic muscle fatigue associated with alterations in scapulohumeral rhythm kinematics during maximum resistive shoulder elevation.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther1998. 282:74\u201380."}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/44\/2\/article-p160.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/44\/2\/160\/1452908\/1062-6050-44_2_160.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/44\/2\/article-p160.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/44\/2\/article-p160.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:38:40Z","timestamp":1749688720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/44\/2\/article-p160.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-44.2.160","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}