{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T05:04:55Z","timestamp":1792731895860,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although clinical methods for detecting scapular dyskinesis have been described, evidence supporting the validity of these methods is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the validity of the scapular dyskinesis test, a visually based method of identifying abnormal scapular motion. A secondary purpose was to explore the relationship between scapular dyskinesis and shoulder symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Validation study comparing 3-dimensional measures of scapular motion among participants clinically judged as having either normal motion or scapular dyskinesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University athletic training facilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sample of 142 collegiate athletes (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and Division III) participating in sports requiring overhead use of the arm was rated, and 66 of these underwent 3-dimensional testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Volunteers were viewed by 2 raters while performing weighted shoulder flexion and abduction. The right and left sides were rated independently as normal, subtle dyskinesis, or obvious dyskinesis using the scapular dyskinesis test. Symptoms were assessed using the Penn Shoulder Score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletes judged as having either normal motion or obvious dyskinesis underwent 3-dimensional electromagnetic kinematic testing while performing the same movements. The kinematic data from both groups were compared via multifactor analysis of variance with post hoc testing using the least significant difference procedure. The relationship between symptoms and scapular dyskinesis was evaluated by odds ratios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Differences were found between the normal and obvious dyskinesis groups. Participants with obvious dyskinesis showed less scapular upward rotation (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), less clavicular elevation (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), and greater clavicular protraction (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a .044). The presence of shoulder symptoms was not different between the normal and obvious dyskinesis volunteers (odds ratio \u200a=\u200a 0.79, 95% confidence interval \u200a=\u200a 0.33, 1.89).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shoulders visually judged as having dyskinesis showed distinct alterations in 3-dimensional scapular motion. However, the presence of scapular dyskinesis was not related to shoulder symptoms in athletes engaged in overhead sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.2.165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,30]],"date-time":"2009-12-30T10:36:56Z","timestamp":1262169416000},"page":"165-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["A Clinical Method for Identifying Scapular Dyskinesis, Part 2: Validity"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Angela R.","family":"Tate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H\/S Therapy Associates, Inc, Lower Gwynedd, PA"},{"name":"Arcadia University, Glenside, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arcadia University, Glenside, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kareha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Go Sport Physical Therapy, Gettysburg, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedCentral Health System, Shelby, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary F.","family":"Barbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Warner1","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"191","article-title":"Scapulothoracic motion in normal shoulders and shoulders with glenohumeral instability and impingement syndrome: a study using Moire topographic analysis.","volume":"285","author":"Warner, J. 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Shoulder kinematics in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears after a subacromial injection.J Shoulder Elbow Surg2008. 171:172\u2013181."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-McClure1","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome.","volume":"86","author":"McClure, P. W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"McClure, P. W., L. A.Michener, and A. R.Karduna. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome.Phys Ther2006. 868:1075\u20131090."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Endo1","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","first-page":"3","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of scapular rotational tilt in chronic shoulder impingement syndrome.","volume":"6","author":"Endo, K.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Endo, K., T.Ikata, S.Katoh, and Y.Takeda. 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W.McClure, and A. R.Karduna. Effects of muscle fatigue on 3-dimensional scapular kinematics.Arch Phys Med Rehabil2003. 847:1000\u20131005."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Ebaugh1","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"557","article-title":"Scapulothoracic and glenohumeral kinematics following an external rotation fatigue protocol.","volume":"36","author":"Ebaugh, D. D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ebaugh, D. D., P. W.McClure, and A. R.Karduna. Scapulothoracic and glenohumeral kinematics following an external rotation fatigue protocol.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2006. 368:557\u2013571."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Ebaugh2","series-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol","first-page":"224","article-title":"Effects of shoulder muscle fatigue caused by repetitive overhead activities on scapulothoracic and glenohumeral kinematics.","volume":"16","author":"Ebaugh, D. D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ebaugh, D. D., P. W.McClure, and A. R.Karduna. Effects of shoulder muscle fatigue caused by repetitive overhead activities on scapulothoracic and glenohumeral kinematics.J Electromyogr Kinesiol2006. 163:224\u2013235."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Lin1","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Shoulder dysfunction assessment: self-report and impaired scapular movements.","volume":"86","author":"Lin, J. J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin, J. J., W. P.Hanten, S. L.Olson, et al. Shoulder dysfunction assessment: self-report and impaired scapular movements.Phys Ther2006. 868:1065\u20131074."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Borstad1","series-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)","first-page":"650","article-title":"Comparison of scapular kinematics between elevation and lowering of the arm in the scapular plane.","volume":"17","author":"Borstad, J. D.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Borstad, J. D. and P. M.Ludewig. Comparison of scapular kinematics between elevation and lowering of the arm in the scapular plane.Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)2002. 179\u201310:650\u2013659."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Borstad2","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"227","article-title":"The effect of long versus short pectoralis minor resting length on scapular kinematics in healthy individuals.","volume":"35","author":"Borstad, J. D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Borstad, J. D. and P. M.Ludewig. The effect of long versus short pectoralis minor resting length on scapular kinematics in healthy individuals.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2005. 354:227\u2013238."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Kibler2","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"325","article-title":"The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function.","volume":"26","author":"Kibler, W. B.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kibler, W. B.\n          \n          The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function.\n          Am J Sports Med\n          1998. 262:325\u2013337."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Koslow1","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"331","article-title":"Specificity of the lateral scapular slide test in asymptomatic competitive athletes.","volume":"33","author":"Koslow, P. A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koslow, P. A., L. A.Prosser, G. A.Strony, S. L.Suchecki, and G. E.Mattingly. Specificity of the lateral scapular slide test in asymptomatic competitive athletes.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2003. 336:331\u2013336."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-Kibler3","series-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg","first-page":"550","article-title":"Qualitative clinical evaluation of scapular dysfunction: a reliability study.","volume":"11","author":"Kibler, W. B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kibler, W. B., T. L.Uhl, J. W.Maddux, P. V.Brooks, B.Zeller, and J.McMullen. 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The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology, part III: the SICK scapula, scapular dyskinesis, the kinetic chain, and rehabilitation.Arthroscopy2003. 196:641\u2013661."},{"key":"i1062-6050-44-2-165-SolemBertoft1","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"99","article-title":"The influence of scapular retraction and protraction on the width of the subacromial space: an MRI study.","volume":"296","author":"Solem-Bertoft, E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Solem-Bertoft, E., K. A.Thuomas, and C. E.Westerberg. 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