{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:18:08Z","timestamp":1790803088899,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ankle sprains have been reported as one of the most common injuries sustained by members of the US Armed Services. However, little is known about the incidence rate and injury patterns associated with ankle sprains in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the incidence of ankle sprains among active-duty members of the US Armed Services from 1998 through 2006. A secondary objective was to describe the sex, age, and service-specific injury patterns in this young, physically active population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All active-duty service members from the day they enter military service until the day they leave military service and US Army Reserve and National Guard service members during periods of active duty and mobilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Injury data were extracted from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database from 1998 through 2006. All data for ankle sprains, coded according to the\n                      <jats:italic>International Classification of Diseases<\/jats:italic>\n                      (9th revision), were included. Cases were limited to those injuries reported as first occurrences. Incidence rates (IRs) were calculated per 1000 person-years by sex, age, and service. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of association between the incidence of ankle sprain and the independent variables of sex, age, and service.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1998 through 2006, 423\u200a581 service members sustained ankle sprains and 12\u200a118\u200a863 person-years at risk to injury were documented in this population. The incidence rate was 34.95 (95% CI \u200a=\u200a 34.85, 35.06) per 1000 person-years at risk. Females were 21% more likely (IRR \u200a=\u200a 1.21, 95% CI \u200a=\u200a 1.21, 1.23) to sustain an ankle sprain than males. Sex-specific IR varied by age and service. Differences in the rate of ankle sprains were also noted by age and service.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of ankle sprains among US service members was 5 times greater than that previously reported in civilian population studies. Sex, age, and branch of military service are important factors related to the incidence of ankle sprains in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.1.29","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,11]],"date-time":"2010-01-11T15:03:33Z","timestamp":1263222213000},"page":"29-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Incidence of Ankle Sprains Among Active-Duty Members of the United States Armed Services From 1998 Through 2006"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY. Dr DeBerardino is now at New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett D.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY. Dr DeBerardino is now at New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"DeBerardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY. Dr DeBerardino is now at New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"i1062-6050-45-1-29-Lauder1","series-title":"Am J Prev Med","first-page":"118","article-title":"Sports and physical training injury hospitalizations in the Army.","volume":"18","author":"Lauder, T. D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lauder, T. D., S. P.Baker, G. S.Smith, and A. E.Lincoln. Sports and physical training injury hospitalizations in the Army.Am J Prev Med2000. 18suppl 3:118\u2013128."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-45-1-29-Davidson1","series-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health","first-page":"167","article-title":"Lower limb injuries in New Zealand Defence Force personnel: descriptive epidemiology.","volume":"32","author":"Davidson, P. L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davidson, P. L., D. J.Chalmers, B. D.Wilson, and D.McBride. 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Population based epidemiology of ankle sprains attending accident and emergency units in the West Midlands of England, and a survey of UK practice for severe ankle sprains.Emerg Med J2003. 206:508\u2013510."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-45-1-29-Holmer1","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","first-page":"72","article-title":"Epidemiology of sprains in the lateral ankle and foot.","volume":"15","author":"Holmer, P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holmer, P., L.Sondergaard, L.Konradsen, P. T.Nielsen, and L. N.Jorgensen. Epidemiology of sprains in the lateral ankle and foot.Foot Ankle Int1994. 152:72\u201374."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"i1062-6050-45-1-29-Bell1","series-title":"Am J Prev Med","first-page":"141","article-title":"High injury rates among female army trainees: a function of gender?","volume":"18","author":"Bell, N. S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bell, N. S., T. W.Mangione, D.Hemenway, P. J.Amoroso, and B. H.Jones. 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