{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:49:37Z","timestamp":1791496177562,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The overhead throwing motion is complex, and restrictions in range of motion (ROM) at the hip may place additional demands on the shoulder that lead to injury. However, the relationship between hip and shoulder ROM in athletes with and without a history of shoulder injury is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To (1) determine if differences exist in hip and shoulder ROM between professional baseball players with a history of shoulder injury and those with no history of shoulder injury and (2) assess relationships between hip and shoulder ROM in these players.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Fifty-seven professional baseball players.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Outcome measures consisted of hip extension and internal rotation, shoulder internal and external rotation, glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit, and history of shoulder injury. Differences in shoulder and hip ROM were assessed with a 1-way analysis of variance. Associations between hip and shoulder ROM were assessed with linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Nonpitchers with a history of shoulder injury had more external rotation and less internal rotation of the shoulder than nonpitchers with no history of shoulder injury. Glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit was greater in both pitchers and nonpitchers with a history of shoulder injury. The relationship between dominant hip extension and shoulder external rotation was significant for pitchers with a history of shoulder injury and nonpitchers with a history of shoulder injury.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Shoulder injury may be associated with specific measures of hip and shoulder ROM, and hip extension and shoulder external rotation may be related in baseball players with a history of shoulder injury. Additional research is necessary to understand the specific mechanisms of shoulder injury in the throwing athlete.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.2.191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,8]],"date-time":"2010-03-08T21:10:00Z","timestamp":1268082600000},"page":"191-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Associations Among Hip and Shoulder Range of Motion and Shoulder Injury in Professional Baseball Players"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Steve","family":"Scher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Team Rehabilitation, Royal Oak, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Bajorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Rand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Detroit Tigers Baseball, Inc, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Bey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-McFarland1","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"10","article-title":"Epidemiology of collegiate baseball injuries.","volume":"8","author":"McFarland, E. G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"McFarland, E. G. and M.Wasik. Epidemiology of collegiate baseball injuries.Clin J Sport Med1998. 81:10\u201313."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Fleisig1","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"233","article-title":"Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms.","volume":"23","author":"Fleisig, G. S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fleisig, G. S., J. R.Andrews, C. J.Dillman, and R. F.Escamilla. Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms.Am J Sports Med1995. 232:233\u2013239."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Fleisig2","series-title":"Clin Sports Med","first-page":"151","article-title":"Proper mechanics for baseball pitching.","volume":"1","author":"Fleisig, G. S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fleisig, G. S., C. J.Dillman, and J. R.Andrews. Proper mechanics for baseball pitching.Clin Sports Med1989. 11:151\u2013170."},{"key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Fleisig3","series-title":"The Athlete's Shoulder","author":"Fleisig, G. S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fleisig, G. S., C. J.Dillman, and J. R.Andrews. The Athlete's Shoulder. Andrews, J. R. and K. E.Wilk. New York, NYChurchill Livingstone. 1994."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Fleisig4","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"1371","article-title":"Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development.","volume":"32","author":"Fleisig, G. S.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fleisig, G. S., S. W.Barrentine, N.Zheng, R. F.Escamilla, and J. R.Andrews. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development.J Biomech1999. 3212:1371\u20131375."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Pappas1","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"216","article-title":"Biomechanics of baseball pitching: a preliminary report.","volume":"13","author":"Pappas, A. M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pappas, A. M., R. M.Zawacki, and T. J.Sullivan. Biomechanics of baseball pitching: a preliminary report.Am J Sports Med1985. 134:216\u2013222."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Kibler1","series-title":"Clin Sports Med","first-page":"79","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of the shoulder during tennis activities.","volume":"14","author":"Kibler, W. B.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kibler, W. B.\n          \n          Biomechanical analysis of the shoulder during tennis activities.\n          Clin Sports Med\n          1995. 141:79\u201385."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Kibler2","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"325","article-title":"The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function.","volume":"26","author":"Kibler, W. B.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kibler, W. B.\n          \n          The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function.\n          Am J Sports Med\n          1998. 262:325\u2013337."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Elliot1","series-title":"Intl J Sports Biomech","first-page":"59","article-title":"Timing of the lower limb drive and throwing limb movement in baseball pitching.","volume":"4","author":"Elliot, B.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elliot, B.\n          \n          Timing of the lower limb drive and throwing limb movement in baseball pitching.\n          Intl J Sports Biomech\n          1998. 41:59\u201367."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Boone1","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"1355","article-title":"Reliability of goniometric measurements.","volume":"58","author":"Boone, D. C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Boone, D. C., S. P.Azen, C. M.Lin, C.Spence, C.Baron, and L.Lee. Reliability of goniometric measurements.Phys Ther1978. 5811:1355\u20131390."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Donelly1","series-title":"Prof Baseball Athl Train Soc Newsl","first-page":"4","article-title":"Four-year study of the effects of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and scapular inferior coracoid dyskinesis in professional baseball players.","volume":"15","author":"Donelly, P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Donelly, P. and J.Cooper. Four-year study of the effects of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and scapular inferior coracoid dyskinesis in professional baseball players.Prof Baseball Athl Train Soc Newsl2002. 152:4\u20135."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Gajdosik1","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"1867","article-title":"Clinical measurement of range of motion: review of goniometry emphasizing reliability and validity.","volume":"67","author":"Gajdosik, R. L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gajdosik, R. L. and R. W.Bohannon. Clinical measurement of range of motion: review of goniometry emphasizing reliability and validity.Phys Ther1987. 6712:1867\u20131872."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Sabari1","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"647","article-title":"Goniometric assessment of shoulder range of motion: comparison of testing in supine and sitting positions.","volume":"79","author":"Sabari, J. S.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sabari, J. S., I.Maltzev, D.Lubarsky, E.Liszkay, and P.Homel. Goniometric assessment of shoulder range of motion: comparison of testing in supine and sitting positions.Arch Phys Med Rehabil1998. 796:647\u2013651."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Riddle1","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"668","article-title":"Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting: shoulder measurements.","volume":"67","author":"Riddle, D. L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Riddle, D. L., J. M.Rothstein, and R. L.Lamb. Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting: shoulder measurements.Phys Ther1987. 675:668\u2013673."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Harvey1","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"68","article-title":"Assessment of the flexibility of elite athletes using the modified Thomas test.","volume":"32","author":"Harvey, D.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harvey, D.\n          \n          Assessment of the flexibility of elite athletes using the modified Thomas test.\n          Br J Sports Med\n          1998. 321:68\u201370."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Burkhart1","series-title":"Arthroscopy","first-page":"404","article-title":"The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology, part I: pathoanatomy and biomechanics.","volume":"19","author":"Burkhart, S. S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Burkhart, S. S., C. D.Morgan, and W. B.Kibler. The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology, part I: pathoanatomy and biomechanics.Arthroscopy2003. 194:404\u2013420."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Borsa1","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1392","article-title":"Correlation of range of motion and glenohumeral translation in professional baseball pitchers.","volume":"33","author":"Borsa, P. A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Borsa, P. A., K. E.Wilk, J. A.Jacobson, et al. Correlation of range of motion and glenohumeral translation in professional baseball pitchers.Am J Sports Med2005. 339:1392\u20131399."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Brown1","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"577","article-title":"Upper extremity range of motion and isokinetic strength of the internal and external shoulder rotators in major league baseball players.","volume":"16","author":"Brown, L. P.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brown, L. P., S. L.Niehues, A.Harrah, P.Yavorsky, and H. P.Hirshman. Upper extremity range of motion and isokinetic strength of the internal and external shoulder rotators in major league baseball players.Am J Sports Med1988. 166:577\u2013585."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Crockett1","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"20","article-title":"Osseous adaptation and range of motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers.","volume":"30","author":"Crockett, H. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crockett, H. C., L. B.Gross, K. E.Wilk, et al. Osseous adaptation and range of motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers.Am J Sports Med2002. 301:20\u201326."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Ellenbecker1","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"2052","article-title":"Glenohumeral joint total rotation range of motion in elite tennis players and baseball pitchers.","volume":"34","author":"Ellenbecker, T. S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ellenbecker, T. S., E. P.Roetert, D. S.Bailie, G. J.Davies, and S. W.Brown. Glenohumeral joint total rotation range of motion in elite tennis players and baseball pitchers.Med Sci Sports Exerc2002. 3412:2052\u20132056."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Watkins1","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"535","article-title":"Dynamic electromyographic analysis of trunk musculature in professional golfers.","volume":"24","author":"Watkins, R. G.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Watkins, R. G., G. S.Uppal, J.Perry, M.Pink, and J. M.Dinsay. Dynamic electromyographic analysis of trunk musculature in professional golfers.Am J Sports Med1996. 244:535\u2013538."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-Wilk1","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"136","article-title":"Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete.","volume":"30","author":"Wilk, K. E.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wilk, K. E., K.Meister, and J. R.Andrews. Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete.Am J Sports Med2002. 301:136\u2013151."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-45-2-191-OlsenSJ1","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"905","article-title":"Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers.","volume":"34","author":"Olsen SJ, I. I.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Olsen SJ, I. I., G. S.Fleisig, S.Dun, J.Loftice, and J. R.Andrews. Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers.Am J Sports Med2006. 346:905\u20131012."}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/45\/2\/article-p191.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/45\/2\/191\/1455366\/1062-6050-45_2_191.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/45\/2\/article-p191.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/45\/2\/article-p191.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:38:10Z","timestamp":1749688690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/45\/2\/article-p191.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-45.2.191","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}