{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:50:17Z","timestamp":1792752617519,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Although abnormal foot posture long has been associated with lower extremity injury risk, the evidence is equivocal. Poor intertester reliability of traditional foot measures might contribute to the inconsistency.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To investigate the validity and reliability of a digital photographic measurement method (DPMM) technology, the reliability of DPMM-quantified foot measures, and the concurrent validity of the DPMM with clinical-measurement methods (CMMs) and to report descriptive data for DPMM measures with moderate to high intratester and intertester reliability.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Descriptive laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Biomechanics research laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>A total of 159 people participated in 3 groups. Twenty-eight people (11 men, 17 women; age \u200a=\u200a 25 \u00b1 5\u00a0years, height \u200a=\u200a 1.71 \u00b1 0.10\u00a0m, mass \u200a=\u200a 77.6 \u00b1 17.3\u00a0kg) were recruited for investigation of intratester and intertester reliability of the DPMM technology; 20 (10 men, 10 women; age \u200a=\u200a 24 \u00b1 2\u00a0years, height \u200a=\u200a 1.71 \u00b1 0.09\u00a0m, mass \u200a=\u200a 76 \u00b1 16\u00a0kg) for investigation of DPMM and CMM reliability and concurrent validity; and 111 (42 men, 69 women; age \u200a=\u200a 22.8 \u00b1 4.7\u00a0years, height \u200a=\u200a 168.5 \u00b1 10.4\u00a0cm, mass \u200a=\u200a 69.8 \u00b1 13.3\u00a0kg) for development of a descriptive data set of the DPMM foot measurements with moderate to high intratester and intertester reliabilities.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The dimensions of 10 model rectangles and the 28 participants' feet were measured, and DPMM foot posture was measured in the 111 participants. Two clinicians assessed the DPMM and CMM foot measures of the 20 participants.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Validity and reliability were evaluated using mean absolute and percentage errors and intraclass correlation coefficients. Descriptive data were computed from the DPMM foot posture measures.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The DPMM technology intratester and intertester reliability intraclass correlation coefficients were 1.0 for each tester and variable. Mean absolute errors were equal to or less than 0.2\u00a0mm for the bottom and right-side variables and 0.1\u00b0 for the calculated angle variable. Mean percentage errors between the DPMM and criterion reference values were equal to or less than 0.4%. Intratester and intertester reliabilities of DPMM-computed structural measures of arch and navicular indices were moderate to high (&gt;0.78), and concurrent validity was moderate to strong.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The DPMM is a valid and reliable clinical and research tool for quantifying foot structure. The DPMM and the descriptive data might be used to define groups in future studies in which the relationship between foot posture and function or injury risk is investigated.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-46.1.20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T18:48:34Z","timestamp":1294426114000},"page":"20-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A Digital Photographic Measurement Method for Quantifying Foot Posture: Validity, Reliability, and Descriptive Data"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Cobb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Roger","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Center for Rehabilitation Research, Lubbock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hjertstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Center for Rehabilitation Research, Lubbock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Center for Rehabilitation Research, Lubbock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-46-1-20-Burns1","series-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc","first-page":"235","article-title":"Foot type and overuse injury in triathletes.","volume":"95","author":"Burns, J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burns, J., A. M.Keenan, and A.Redmond. 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The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data.Biometrics1977. 33 (1):159\u2013174."}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/46\/1\/article-p20.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/46\/1\/20\/1452770\/1062-6050-46_1_20.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/46\/1\/article-p20.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/46\/1\/article-p20.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:40:41Z","timestamp":1749688841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/46\/1\/article-p20.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-46.1.20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}