{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:02:39Z","timestamp":1792202559647,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Differences in various outcome measures have been identified between people who have sprained their ankles but have no residual symptoms (copers) and people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, the diagnostic utility of the reported outcome measures has rarely been determined. Identifying outcome measures capable of predicting who is less likely to develop CAI could improve rehabilitation protocols and increase the efficiency of these measures.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To determine the diagnostic utility and cutoff scores of perceptual, mechanical, and sensorimotor outcome measures between copers and people with CAI by using receiver operating characteristic curves.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Sports medicine research laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Twenty-four copers (12 men, 12 women; age = 20.8 \u00b1 1.5 years, height = 173 \u00b1 11 cm, mass = 78 \u00b1 27 kg) and 24 people with CAI (12 men, 12 women; age = 21.7 \u00b1 2.8 years, height = 175 \u00b1 13 cm, mass = 71 \u00b1 13 kg) participated.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Self-reported disability questionnaires, radiographic images, and a single-legged hop stabilization test.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Perceptual outcomes included scores on the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), FADI-Sport, and a self-report questionnaire of ankle function. Mechanically, talar position was quantified by measuring the distance from the anterior tibia to the anterior talus in the sagittal plane. Sensorimotor outcomes were the dynamic postural stability index and directional indices, which were calculated during a single-legged hop stabilization task.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Perceptual outcomes demonstrated diagnostic accuracy (range, 0.79\u20130.91), with 95% confidence intervals ranging from 0.65 to 1.00. Sensorimotor outcomes also were able to discriminate between copers and people with CAI but with less accuracy (range, 0.69\u20130.70), with 95% confidence intervals ranging from 0.37 to 0.86. The mechanical outcome demonstrated poor diagnostic accuracy (0.52).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The greatest diagnostic utility scores were achieved by the self-assessed disability questionnaires, which indicated that perceptual outcomes had the greatest ability to accurately predict people who became copers after their initial injuries. However, the diversity of outcome measures that discriminated between copers and people with CAI indicated that the causal mechanism of CAI is probably multifactorial.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.2.136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T15:04:04Z","timestamp":1488467044000},"page":"136-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Discriminating Between Copers and People With Chronic Ankle Instability"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Erik A.","family":"Wikstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Engineering Systems, University of North Carolina at Charlotte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Tillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terese L.","family":"Chmielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Cauraugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith E.","family":"Naugle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Borsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"6264","key":"i1062-6050-47-2-136-b1","series-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed).","first-page":"606","article-title":"Treatment for partial tears of the lateral ligament of the ankle: a prospective trial.","volume":"282","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brooks, SC, BTPotter, and JB.Rainey. 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