{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T21:14:47Z","timestamp":1773609287981,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Health care professionals have reported and used a multitude of special tests to evaluate patients with shoulder injuries. Because of the vast array of tests, educators of health care curriculums are challenged to decide which tests should be taught.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To survey experienced shoulder specialists to identify the common clinical tests used to diagnose 9 specific shoulder injuries to determine if a core battery of tests should be taught to allied health professionals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive survey administered via e-mail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 131 active members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, 71 responded to the survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respondents were asked to complete a survey documenting their use of clinical tests during a shoulder examination. They answered yes or no to indicate their use of 122 different tests for diagnosing 9 shoulder conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The average number of tests used for all pathologic conditions was 30 \u00b1 9. The anterior apprehension and cross-body adduction tests were used by all respondents. At least 1 test was used for each of the 9 conditions listed (range = 1\u20137), and at least 50% of respondents used 25 tests. The tests were reviewed for valid diagnostic accuracy via the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool. High diagnostic value and a large amount of QUADAS variability have been reported in the literature for 16 of the 25 tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A small percentage (20%) of clinical tests is being used by most examiners. The 25 most common tests identified from this survey may serve as a foundation for the student's knowledge base, with the clear understanding that multiple clinical tests are used by some of the most experienced clinicians dealing with shoulder injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.4.09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T14:53:42Z","timestamp":1488466422000},"page":"457-466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Frequency of Use of Clinical Shoulder Examination Tests by Experienced Shoulder Surgeons"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Aaron D.","family":"Sciascia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Spigelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Education Program, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond; \u2021University of Kentucky, Lexington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Ben","family":"Kibler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Uhl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, Lexington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b01","first-page":"45","article-title":"Evidence-based practice in the diagnostic process.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Examination of Orthopedic and Athletic Injuries. 3rd ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.038406","article-title":"Physical examination tests of the shoulder: a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests.","volume":"42","author":"Hegedus","year":"2008;","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.04.010","article-title":"Special physical examination tests for superior labrum anterior posterior shoulder tears are clinically limited and invalid: a diagnostic systematic review.","volume":"62","author":"Calvert","year":"2009;","journal-title":"Clin J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8250","article-title":"Development and validation of methods for assessing the quality of diagnostic accuracy studies.","volume":"8","author":"Whiting","year":"2004;","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b05","author":"Magee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthopedic Physical Assessment. 5th ed"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b06","author":"McFarland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Examination of the Shoulder: The Complete Guide"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510330081039","article-title":"User's guides to the medical literature, III: how to use an article about a diagnostic test. What are the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group.","volume":"271","author":"Jaeschke","year":"1994;","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163060-00001","article-title":"Recurrent transient subluxation of the shoulder.","volume":"63","author":"Rowe","year":"1981;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b09","first-page":"963","article-title":"Shoulder pain in the overhand or throwing athlete: the relationship of anterior instability and rotator cuff impingement.","volume":"18","author":"Jobe","year":"1989;","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00003","article-title":"Classification and physical diagnosis of instability of the shoulder.","volume":"291","author":"Silliman","year":"1993;","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.66B4.6746691","article-title":"Clinical assessment of instability of the shoulder: with special reference to anterior and posterior drawer tests.","volume":"66","author":"Gerber","year":"1984;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00010","article-title":"Recurrent posterior shoulder instability: diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"291","author":"Pollock","year":"1993;","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b13","first-page":"611","article-title":"Glenohumeral instability.","author":"Matsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Shoulder. 2nd ed"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198303000-00010","article-title":"Impingement lesions.","volume":"173","author":"Neer","year":"1983;","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658000800302","article-title":"Impingement syndrome in athletes.","volume":"8","author":"Hawkins","year":"1980;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199607000-00005","article-title":"Isolated rupture of the subscapularis tendon.","volume":"78","author":"Gerber","year":"1996;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B3.1670434","article-title":"Isolated rupture of the tendon of the subscapularis muscle: clinical features in 16 cases.","volume":"73","author":"Gerber","year":"1991;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B4.0800624","article-title":"The \u201cdropping\u201d and \u201chornblower's\u201d signs in evaluation of rotator-cuff tears.","volume":"80","author":"Walch","year":"1998;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b19","first-page":"123","author":"Codman","year":"1934","journal-title":"Rupture of the supraspinatus tendon and other lesions in or about the subacromial bursa. The Shoulder"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80058-9","article-title":"Lag signs in the diagnosis of rotator cuff rupture.","volume":"5","author":"Hertel","year":"1996;","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198303000-00015","article-title":"Painful athletic injuries of the shoulder.","volume":"173","author":"Jobe","year":"1983;","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399703258690","article-title":"An evaluation of the apprehension, relocation, and surprise tests for anterior shoulder instability.","volume":"32","author":"Lo","year":"2004;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200607000-00006","article-title":"Clinical assessment of three common tests for traumatic anterior shoulder instability.","volume":"88","author":"Farber","year":"2006;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200205","article-title":"An evaluation of the shoulder relocation test.","volume":"22","author":"Speer","year":"1994;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b25","first-page":"1446","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement syndrome.","volume":"87","author":"Park","year":"2005;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.106918","article-title":"An analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the Hawkins and Neer subacromial impingement signs.","volume":"9","author":"MacDonald","year":"2000;","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.1.44","article-title":"Diagnostic values of clinical diagnostic tests in subacromial impingement syndrome.","volume":"59","author":"Calis","year":"2000;","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.05.015","article-title":"Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of 5 physical examination tests and combination of tests for subacromial impingement.","volume":"90","author":"Michener","year":"2009;","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.05.005","article-title":"The bear-hug test: a new and sensitive test for diagnosing a subscapularis tear.","volume":"22","author":"Barth","year":"2006;","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"9258","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04161-1","article-title":"Diagnosis of rotator cuff tears.","volume":"357","author":"Murrell","year":"2001;","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.11.005","article-title":"The value of clinical tests in acute full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon: does a subacromial lidocaine injection help in the clinical diagnosis? A prospective study.","volume":"26","author":"Bak","year":"2010;","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.10.046","article-title":"The validity of the lag signs in diagnosing full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff: a preliminary investigation.","volume":"89","author":"Miller","year":"2008;","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.4.194","article-title":"Validity of the supraspinatus test as a single clinical test in diagnosing patients with rotator cuff pathology.","volume":"34","author":"Holtby","year":"2004;","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270011901","article-title":"Which is more useful, the \u201cfull can test\u201d or the \u201cempty can test,\u201d in detecting the torn supraspinatus tendon?","volume":"27","author":"Itoi","year":"1999;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062060-00004","article-title":"Inferior capsular shift for involuntary inferior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder: a preliminary report.","volume":"62","author":"Neer","year":"1980;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B1.0830069","article-title":"The hyperbaduction test.","volume":"83","author":"Gagey","year":"2001;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260022801","article-title":"The role of the scapula in athletic function.","volume":"26","author":"Kibler","year":"1998;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260050201","article-title":"The active compression test: a new and effective test for diagnosing labral tears and acromioclavicular joint abnormaility.","volume":"26","author":"O'Brien","year":"1998;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196648080-00003","article-title":"Surgical treatment of bicipital tenosynovitis.","volume":"48","author":"Crenshaw","year":"1966;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b40","first-page":"160","article-title":"Supination sign.","volume":"13","author":"Yergason","year":"1931;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b41","first-page":"383","article-title":"On the frozen shoulder.","volume":"12","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1951;","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Joint Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509332505","article-title":"Clinical utility of traditional and new exam in the diagnosis of biceps tendon injuries and superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions in the shoulder.","volume":"37","author":"Kibler","year":"2009;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300060901","article-title":"The crank test, the O'Brien test, and routine magnetic resonance imaging scans in the diagnosis of labral tears.","volume":"30","author":"Stetson","year":"2002;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507308363","article-title":"The evaluation of various physical examinations for the diagnosis of type II superior labrum anterior and posterior lesion.","volume":"36","author":"Oh","year":"2008;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70049-0","article-title":"SLAP lesions: three subtypes and their relationships to superior instability and rotator cuff tears.","volume":"14","author":"Morgan","year":"1998;","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2003.50104","article-title":"Clinical testing for tears of the glenoid labrum.","volume":"19","author":"Guanche","year":"2003;","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300061001","article-title":"Clinical assessment of three common tests for superior labral anterior-posterior lesions.","volume":"30","author":"McFarland","year":"2002;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504273050","article-title":"The resisted supination external rotation test: a new test for the diagnosis of superior labral anterior posterior lesions.","volume":"33","author":"Myers","year":"2005;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505279911","article-title":"An evaluation of the provocative tests for superior labral anterior posterior lesions.","volume":"34","author":"Parentis","year":"2006;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.08.025","article-title":"Forced shoulder abduction and elbow flexion test: a new simple clinical test to detect superior labral injury in the throwing shoulder.","volume":"1","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2005;","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70214-5","article-title":"Anterior superior instability with rotator cuff tearing: SLAC lesion.","volume":"32","author":"Savoie","year":"2001;","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2007.09.004","article-title":"Physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of superior labrum anterior-posterior lesions of the shoulder: a sensitivity analysis.","volume":"24","author":"Pandya","year":"2008;","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507300058","article-title":"Physical examination for partial tears of the biceps tendon.","volume":"35","author":"Gill","year":"2007;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70012-X","article-title":"Specificity of the Speed's test: arthroscopic technique for evaluating the biceps tendon at the level of the bicipital groove.","volume":"14","author":"Bennett","year":"1998;","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2004.01.008","article-title":"Accuracy of the Speed's and Yergason's tests in detecting biceps pathology and SLAP lesions: comparison with arthroscopic findings.","volume":"20","author":"Holtby","year":"2004;","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000179518.85484.53","article-title":"Shoulder impingement syndrome: relationships between clinical, functional, and radiologic findings.","volume":"85","author":"Ardic","year":"2006;","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199501000-00002","article-title":"Abnormal findings on magnetic resonance images of asymptomatic shoulders.","volume":"77","author":"Sher","year":"1995;","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b58","first-page":"103","article-title":"What went wrong and what to do about it: pitfalls in the treatment of shoulder impingement.","volume":"57","author":"Kibler","year":"2008;","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503261723","article-title":"Diagnostic value of physical tests for isolated chronic acromioclavicular lesions.","volume":"32","author":"Chronopoulos","year":"2004;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.058834","article-title":"Current concepts: scapular dyskinesis.","volume":"44","author":"Kibler","year":"2010;","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504272687","article-title":"The Kim test: a novel test for posteroinferior labral lesion of the shoulder: a comparison to the jerk test.","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2005;","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00132589-200403000-00003","article-title":"Traumatic posterior shoulder subluxation with labral injury: suture anchor technique.","volume":"5","author":"Arciero","year":"2004;","journal-title":"Techniq Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/1058-2746(92)90090-P","article-title":"Scapular inclination and inferior stability of the shoulder.","volume":"1","author":"Itoi","year":"1992;","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(97)00059-4","article-title":"Contribution of capsuloligamentous structures to passive static inferior glenohumeral stability.","volume":"13","author":"Motzkin","year":"1988;","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2003.50128","article-title":"The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology, part I: pathoanatomy and biomechanics.","volume":"19","author":"Burkhart","year":"2003;","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2020060411085705200_i1062-6050-47-4-457-b66","first-page":"13","author":"Orthopedic Clinical Examination and Diagnosis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Athletic Training Educational Competencies. 4th ed"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/47\/4\/457\/1455330\/1062-6050-47_4_09.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/47\/4\/457\/1455330\/1062-6050-47_4_09.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:58:36Z","timestamp":1749668316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/47\/4\/article-p457.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-47.4.09","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]}}}