{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:10:39Z","timestamp":1761844239375,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium are rare occurrences in young athletes, but they can result in potentially life-threatening consequences.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While involved in a rugby match, an 11-year-old boy received a chest compression by 3 players during a tackle. He continued to play, but 2 hours later, he developed sharp retrosternal chest pain. A chest radiograph and an echocardiograph at the nearest emergency department showed pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Differential Diagnosis:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sternal and rib contusions, rib fractures, heartburn, acute asthma exacerbation, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pneumothorax, traumatic tracheal rupture, myocardial infarction, and costochondritis (Tietze syndrome).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Treatment:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acetaminophen for pain control.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Uniqueness:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the only case in the international literature of the simultaneous occurrence of pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in a child as a consequence of blunt chest trauma during a rugby match.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium may be consequences of rugby blunt chest trauma. Symptoms can appear 1 to 2 hours later, and the conditions may result in serious complications. Immediate admission to the emergency department is required.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.1.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T19:52:05Z","timestamp":1363377125000},"page":"277-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pneumomediastinum and Pneumopericardium in an 11-Year-Old Rugby Player: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Vanzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuela","family":"Bugin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Snijders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bottecchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Storer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Barbato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411092625700_i1062-6050-48-2-277-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)61146-0","article-title":"Pneumopericardium resulting in cardiac tamponade","volume":"37","author":"Cummings","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Thorac 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