{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:06:45Z","timestamp":1782832005508,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bench-press exercises are among the most common form of training exercise for the upper extremity because they yield a notable improvement in both muscle strength and muscle endurance. The literature contains various investigations into the effects of different bench-press positions on the degree of muscle activation. However, the effects of fatigue on the muscular performance and kinetics of the elbow joint are not understood fully.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of fatigue on the kinetics and myodynamic performance of the elbow joint in bench-press training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motion research laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 18 physically healthy male students (age = 19.6 \u00b1 0.8 years, height = 168.7 \u00b1 5.5 cm, mass = 69.6 \u00b1 8.6 kg) participated in the investigation. All participants were right-hand dominant, and none had a history of upper extremity injuries or disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants performed bench-press training until fatigued.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maximal possible number of repetitions, cycle time, myodynamic decline rate, elbow-joint force, and elbow-joint moment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed a difference in cycle time in the initial (2.1 \u00b1 0.42 seconds) and fatigue (2.58 \u00b1 0.46 seconds) stages of the bench-press exercise (P = .04). As the participants fatigued, we observed an increase in the medial-lateral force (P = .03) and internal-external moment (P \u2264 .04) acting on the elbow joint. Moreover, a reduction in the elbow muscle strength was observed in the elbow extension-flexion (P \u2264 .003) and forearm supination-pronation (P \u2264 .001) conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that performing bench-press exercises to the point of fatigue increases elbow-joint loading and may further increase the risk of injury. Therefore, when clinicians design bench-press exercise regimens for general athletic training, muscle strengthening, or physical rehabilitation, they should control carefully the maximal number of repetitions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T18:27:37Z","timestamp":1392661657000},"page":"317-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elbow Joint Fatigue and Bench-Press Training"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yen-Po","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Li","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong-Tyai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Jer","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Pei-Hsi","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411482482500_i1062-6050-49-3-317-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237211002335","article-title":"Comparative analysis of elbow joint loading in push-up and bench-press","volume":"23","author":"Chou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Appl Basis Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411482482500_i1062-6050-49-3-317-b02","first-page":"628","article-title":"Comparison of muscle activation using various hand positions during the push-up exercise","volume":"19","author":"Cogley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411482482500_i1062-6050-49-3-317-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5405\/jmbe.844","article-title":"Effect of push-up speed on upper extremity training until fatigue","volume":"31","author":"Hsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Biol Eng"},{"key":"2020060411482482500_i1062-6050-49-3-317-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dempster WT. 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