{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:28:02Z","timestamp":1793276882810,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the individuals able to return to sport participation after an anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury, up to 25% will experience a second ACL injury. This population may be more sensitive to hormonal fluctuations, which may explain this high rate of second injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine changes in 3-dimensional hip and knee kinematics and kinetics during a jump landing and to examine knee laxity across the menstrual cycle in women with histories of unilateral noncontact ACL injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2003Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 20 women (age = 19.6 \u00b1 1.3 years, height = 168.6 \u00b1 5.3 cm, mass = 66.2 \u00b1 9.1 kg) with unilateral, noncontact ACL injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants completed a jump-landing task and knee-laxity assessment 3 to 5 days after the onset of menses and within 3 days of a positive ovulation test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kinematics in the uninjured limb at initial contact with the ground during a jump landing, peak kinematics and kinetics during the loading phase of landing, anterior knee laxity via the KT-1000, peak vertical ground reaction force, and blood hormone concentrations (estradiol-\u03b2-17, progesterone, free testosterone).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>At ovulation, estradiol-\u03b2-17 (t = \u22122.9, P = .009), progesterone (t = \u22123.4, P = .003), and anterior knee laxity (t = \u22122.3, P = .03) increased, and participants presented with greater knee-valgus moment (Z = \u22122.6, P = .01) and femoral internal rotation (t = \u22122.1, P = .047). However, during the menses test session, participants landed harder (greater peak vertical ground reaction force; t = 2.2, P = .04), with the tibia internally rotated at initial contact (t = 2.8, P = .01) and greater hip internal-rotation moment (Z = \u22122.4, P = .02). No other changes were observed across the menstrual cycle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knee and hip mechanics in both phases of the menstrual cycle represented a greater potential risk of ACL loading. Observed changes in landing mechanics may explain why the risk of second ACL injury is elevated in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.2.01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T21:29:34Z","timestamp":1393363774000},"page":"154-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Jump-Landing Biomechanics and Knee-Laxity Change Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"David R.","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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