{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:08:06Z","timestamp":1771038486160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Some athletes ingest pickle juice (PJ) or mustard to treat exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs). Clinicians warn against this because they are concerned it will exacerbate exercise-induced hypertonicity or cause hyperkalemia. Few researchers have examined plasma responses after PJ or mustard ingestion in dehydrated, exercised individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine if ingesting PJ, mustard, or deionized water (DIW) while hypohydrated affects plasma sodium (Na+) concentration ([Na+]p), plasma potassium (K+) concentration ([K+]p), plasma osmolality (OSMp), or percentage changes in plasma volume or Na+ content.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 9 physically active, nonacclimated individuals (age = 25 \u00b1 2 years, height = 175.5 \u00b1 9.0 cm, mass = 78.6 \u00b1 13.8 kg).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants exercised vigorously for 2 hours (temperature = 37\u00b0C \u00b1 1\u00b0C, relative humidity = 24% \u00b1 4%). After a 30-minute rest, a baseline blood sample was collected, and they ingested 1 mL\/kg body mass of PJ or DIW. For the mustard trial, participants ingested a mass of mustard containing a similar amount of Na+ as for the PJ trial. Postingestion blood samples were collected at 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The dependent variables were [Na+]p, [K+]p, OSMp, and percentage change in plasma Na+ content and plasma volume.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants became 2.9% \u00b1 0.6% hypohydrated and lost 96.8 \u00b1 27.1 mmol (conventional unit = 96.8 \u00b1 27.1 mEq) of Na+, 8.4 \u00b1 2 mmol (conventional unit = 8.4 \u00b1 2 mEq) of K+, and 2.03 \u00b1 0.44 L of fluid due to exercise-induced sweating. They ingested approximately 79 mL of PJ or DIW or 135.24 \u00b1 22.8 g of mustard. Despite ingesting approximately 1.5 g of Na+ in the PJ and mustard trials, no changes occurred within 60 minutes postingestion for [Na+]p, [K+]p, OSMp, or percentage changes in plasma volume or Na+ content (P &amp;gt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ingesting a small bolus of PJ or large mass of mustard after dehydration did not exacerbate exercise-induced hypertonicity or cause hyperkalemia. Consuming small volumes of PJ or mustard did not fully replenish electrolytes and fluid losses. Additional research on plasma responses pre-ingestion and postingestion to these treatments in individuals experiencing acute EAMCs is needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.2.23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T18:13:20Z","timestamp":1403547200000},"page":"360-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Electrolyte and Plasma Responses After Pickle Juice, Mustard, and Deionized Water Ingestion in Dehydrated Humans"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation and Medical Science, Central Michigan University, Mount 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