{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:38:30Z","timestamp":1792388310983,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Athletic trainers have traditionally conceptualized rehabilitation programs in terms of 3 distinct physiologic phases; however, these phases appear to neglect athletes' psychosocial responses to their injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To document injured athletes' psychosocial responses during the different phases of injury rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Qualitative study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II university in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 8 previously injured athletes (4 men and 4 women) participated in the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Collection and Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We collected participant data by using semistructured interviews, transcribed verbatim and analyzed by directed content analysis. Established themes were triangulated to determine trustworthiness.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Initially, athletes' cognitive appraisals were predominately negative in nature, leading to negative emotions. These appraisals changed after diagnosis and when moving to the reaction-to-rehabilitation phase and the reaction-to-sport phase. During the reaction-to-rehabilitation phase, athletes reported mixed cognitive appraisals and identified frustration as the main emotional response. When returning to sport, athletes reflected on the lessons learned, yet they expressed some doubts related to their ability to return to play. These cognitive appraisals served as a precursor to the resulting emotional responses of nervousness and reinjury anxiety, as well as excitement. Throughout the various phases of rehabilitation, athletes reported seeking out social support: initially from significant others and then from their athletic trainers during the reaction-to-rehabilitation phase.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results appear to support the use of the integrated model of psychological response to sport injury and the rehabilitation process and the 3 phases of rehabilitation as a framework for understanding how physical and psychosocial factors may interact during sport-injury rehabilitation. Understanding this interaction may help athletic trainers provide better care to their injured athletes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.52","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T14:04:01Z","timestamp":1413468241000},"page":"95-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Psychosocial Responses During Different Phases of Sport-Injury Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Damien","family":"Clement","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monna","family":"Arvinen-Barrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tera","family":"Fetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b01","unstructured":"Prentice\n              WE, \n            \n              Arnheim\n              DD. \n          \n          Arnheim's Principles of Athletic Training: A Competency-Based Approach. 14th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education;2011."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.3.21","article-title":"Psychosocial aspects of athletic injuries as perceived by athletic trainers","volume":"48","author":"Clement","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b03","first-page":"134","article-title":"Integrating the psychological and physiological aspects of sport injury rehabilitation: rehabilitation profiling and phases of rehabilitation","author":"Kamphoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Psychology of Sport Injury and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.7.3.206","article-title":"The context of emotional responses to athletic injury: a qualitative analysis","volume":"7","author":"Johnston","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/714044197","article-title":"The emotional response to the injury and rehabilitation process","volume":"15","author":"Tracey","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/10413209808406377","article-title":"An integrated model of response to sport injury: psychological and sociological dynamics","volume":"10","author":"Wiese-Bjornstal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Sport Psychol"},{"key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b07","first-page":"308","article-title":"Qualitative analysis of content","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Applications of Social Research Methods to Questions in Information and Library Science"},{"key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b08","unstructured":"Patton\n              MQ. \n          \n          Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications;2002."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/10503300902798375","article-title":"Bracketing in qualitative research: conceptual and practical matters","volume":"19","author":"Fischer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b10","unstructured":"Pitney\n              WA, \n            \n              Parker\n              J. \n          \n          Qualitative Research in Physical Activity and the Health Professions. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics;2009."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.11.4.361","article-title":"Stress sources encountered when rehabilitating from season-ending ski injuries","volume":"11","author":"Gould","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1994.10607639","article-title":"Psychological consequences of athletic injury among high-level competitors","volume":"65","author":"Leddy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.4.3.261","article-title":"Affective response patterns of the injured athlete: an exploratory analysis","volume":"4","author":"McDonald","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1123\/jcsp.2.1.71","article-title":"ACL injury rehabilitation: a psychological case study of a professional rugby union player","volume":"2","author":"Carson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.4.372","article-title":"Social support patterns of collegiate athletes before and after injury","volume":"45","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.19.1.71","article-title":"Coping and social support among injured athletes following surgery","volume":"19","author":"Udry","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.5.1.25","article-title":"Mental links to enhanced healing: an exploratory study","volume":"5","author":"Ievleva","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.7.3.309","article-title":"Psychosocial process associated with athletic injuries","volume":"7","author":"Rose","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.14.1.20","article-title":"Return to sport after serious injury: a retrospective examination of motivation and psychological outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Podlog","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200500471319","article-title":"A longitudinal investigation of competitive athletes' return to sport following serious injury","volume":"18","author":"Podlog","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1999.10608033","article-title":"Sport injury and illness: elite skiers describe their experiences","volume":"70","author":"Bianco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199723050-00005","article-title":"Psychological rehabilitation from sports injuries","volume":"23","author":"Crossman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b23","first-page":"117","article-title":"Social support in sport injury rehabilitation","author":"Arvinen-Barrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Psychology of Sport Injury and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b24","first-page":"175","article-title":"Social support and injury: a framework for social support-based interventions with injured athletes","author":"Hardy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Bases of Sport Injuries. 3rd ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.71.3.498","article-title":"Received and perceived social support in times of stress: a test of the social support deterioration deterrence model","volume":"71","author":"Norris","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b26","unstructured":"Heil\n              J. \n          \n          Psychology of Sport Injury. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics;1993."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62108-9","article-title":"Emotional responses of athletes to injury","volume":"65","author":"Smith","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b28","unstructured":"McNair\n              DM, \n            \n              Lorr\n              M, \n            \n              Droppleman\n              LF. \n          \n          Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service;1971."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411213772900_i1062-6050-50-1-95-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1469-0292(01)00035-8","article-title":"Construct validity of the profile of mood states\u2014adolescents for use with adults","volume":"4","author":"Terry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/50\/1\/95\/2276535\/1062-6050-49_3_52.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/50\/1\/95\/2276535\/1062-6050-49_3_52.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:53:21Z","timestamp":1749668001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/50\/1\/article-p95.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.52","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}}}