{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:18:36Z","timestamp":1787314716205,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle fatigue due to repetitive and prolonged overhead sports activity is considered an important factor contributing to impingement-related rotator cuff pathologic conditions in overhead athletes. The evidence on scapular and glenohumeral kinematic changes after fatigue is contradicting and prohibits conclusions about how shoulder muscle fatigue affects acromiohumeral distance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of a fatigue protocol resembling overhead sports activity on acromiohumeral distance and 3-dimensional scapular position in overhead athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Institutional laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 29 healthy recreational overhead athletes (14 men, 15 women; age = 22.23 \u00b1 2.82 years, height = 178.3 \u00b1 7.8 cm, mass = 71.6 \u00b1 9.5 kg).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The athletes were tested before and after a shoulder muscle-fatiguing protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acromiohumeral distance was measured using ultrasound, and scapular position was determined with an electromagnetic motion-tracking system. Both measurements were performed at 3 elevation positions (0\u00b0, 45\u00b0, and 60\u00b0 of abduction). We used a 3-factor mixed model for data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After fatigue, the acromiohumeral distance increased when the upper extremity was actively positioned at 45\u00b0 (\u0394 = 0.78 \u00b1 0.24 mm, P = .002) or 60\u00b0 (\u0394 = 0.58 \u00b1 0.23 mm, P = .02) of abduction. Scapular position changed after fatigue to a more externally rotated position at 45\u00b0 (\u0394 = 4.97\u00b0 \u00b1 1.13\u00b0, P &amp;lt; .001) and 60\u00b0 (\u0394 = 4.61\u00b0 \u00b1 1.90\u00b0, P = .001) of abduction, a more upwardly rotated position at 45\u00b0 (\u0394 = 6.10\u00b0 \u00b1 1.30\u00b0, P &amp;lt; .001) and 60\u00b0 (\u0394 = 7.20\u00b0 \u00b1 1.65\u00b0, P &amp;lt; .001) of abduction, and a more posteriorly tilted position at 0\u00b0, 45\u00b0, and 60\u00b0 of abduction (\u0394 = 1.98\u00b0 \u00b1 0.41\u00b0, P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a fatiguing protocol, we found changes in acromiohumeral distance and scapular position that corresponded with an impingement-sparing situation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.92","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T14:16:17Z","timestamp":1421417777000},"page":"281-288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Acromiohumeral Distance and 3-Dimensional Scapular Position Change After Overhead Muscle Fatigue"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Annelies","family":"Maenhout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Famke","family":"Dhooge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Van Herzeele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanneke","family":"Palmans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Cools","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2020060411311097700_i1062-6050-50-3-281-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3568","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of baseball pitching and long-toss: implications for training and rehabilitation","volume":"41","author":"Fleisig","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411311097700_i1062-6050-50-3-281-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199724030-00009","article-title":"Rotator cuff pathology in athletes","volume":"24","author":"Blevins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411311097700_i1062-6050-50-3-281-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2929","article-title":"Shoulder injuries in the overhead athlete","volume":"39","author":"Wilk","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411311097700_i1062-6050-50-3-281-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.08.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of rotator cuff tendinopathy: intrinsic, extrinsic, or both?","volume":"26","author":"Seitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411311097700_i1062-6050-50-3-281-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254010-00003","article-title":"Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: a preliminary report","volume":"54","author":"Neer","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411311097700_i1062-6050-50-3-281-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838010-00003","article-title":"Mobility and stability adaptations in the shoulder of the overhead athlete: a theoretical and evidence-based perspective","volume":"38","author":"Borsa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411311097700_i1062-6050-50-3-281-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2003.50128","article-title":"The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology part I. 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