{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:57:26Z","timestamp":1793174246581,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research is limited regarding the effects of injury or surgery history and sex on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Y Balance Test (YBT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if injury or surgery history or sex affected results on the FMS and YBT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Athletic training facilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 200 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female (n = 92; age = 20.0 \u00b1 1.4 years, body mass index = 22.8 \u00b1 3.1 kg\/m2) and male (n = 108; age = 20.0 \u00b1 1.5 years, body mass index = 27.0 \u00b1 4.6 kg\/m2) athletes were screened; 170 completed the FMS, and 190 completed the YBT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>A self-reported questionnaire identified injury or surgery history and sex. The FMS assessed movement during the patterns of deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, impingement-clearing test, straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, press-up clearing test, rotary stability, and posterior-rocking clearing test. The YBT assessed balance while participants reached in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FMS composite score (CS; range, 0\u201321) and movement pattern score (range, 0\u20133), the YBT CS (% lower extremity length), and YBT anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral asymmetry (difference between limbs in centimeters). Independent-samples t tests established differences in mean FMS CS, YBT CS, and YBT asymmetry. The Mann-Whitney U test identified differences in FMS movement patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found lower overall FMS CSs for the following injuries or surgeries: hip (injured = 12.7 \u00b1 3.1, uninjured = 14.4 \u00b1 2.3; P = .005), elbow (injured = 12.1 \u00b1 2.8, uninjured = 14.3 \u00b1 2.4; P = .02), and hand (injured = 12.3 \u00b1 2.9, uninjured = 14.3 \u00b1 2.3; P = .006) injuries and shoulder surgery (surgery = 12.0 \u00b1 1.0, no surgery = 14.3 \u00b1 2.4; P &amp;lt; .001). We observed worse FMS movement pattern performance for knee surgery (rotary stability: P = .03), hip injury (deep squat and hurdle: P &amp;lt; .042 for both), hip surgery (hurdle and lunge: P &amp;lt; .01 for both), shoulder injury (shoulder and hand injury: P &amp;lt; .02 for both), and shoulder surgery (shoulder: P &amp;lt; .02). We found better FMS movement pattern performance for trunk\/back injury (deep squat: P = .02) and ankle injury (lunge: P = .01). Female athletes performed worse in FMS movement patterns for trunk (P &amp;lt; .001) and rotary (P = .01) stability but better in the lunge (P = .008), shoulder mobility (P &amp;lt; .001), and straight-leg raise (P &amp;lt; .001). Anterior asymmetry was greater for male athletes (P = .02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injury history and sex affected FMS and YBT performance. Researchers should consider adjusting for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.6.02","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T14:52:27Z","timestamp":1426085547000},"page":"475-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Injury History, Sex, and Performance on the Functional Movement Screen and Y Balance Test"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Nicole J.","family":"Chimera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Training, Daemen College, Amherst, NY;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Proactive Physical Therapy, Tucson, AZ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Training and Physical Therapy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411353246900_i1062-6050-50-5-475-b01","first-page":"311","article-title":"Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives","volume":"42","author":"Hootman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411353246900_i1062-6050-50-5-475-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31241-2","article-title":"The female athlete's knee","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411353246900_i1062-6050-50-5-475-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01565992","article-title":"Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer: a prospective controlled study of proprioceptive training","volume":"4","author":"Caraffa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411353246900_i1062-6050-50-5-475-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270060301","article-title":"The effect of neuromuscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes: a prospective study","volume":"27","author":"Hewett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020060411353246900_i1062-6050-50-5-475-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512449602","article-title":"Intrinsic risk factors of noncontact ankle sprains in soccer: a prospective study on 100 professional players","volume":"40","author":"Fousekis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2020060411353246900_i1062-6050-50-5-475-b06","unstructured":"Cook G. 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