{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:17:49Z","timestamp":1789435069942,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI) use an altered neuromuscular strategy to shift weight from double-legged to single-legged stance. Shoes and foot orthoses may influence these muscle-activation patterns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the influence of shoes and foot orthoses on onset times of lower extremity muscle activity in participants with CAI during the transition from double-legged to single-legged stance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Musculoskeletal laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 15 people (9 men, 6 women; age = 21.8 \u00b1 3.0 years, height = 177.7 \u00b1 9.6 cm, mass = 72.0 \u00b1 14.6 kg) who had CAI and wore foot orthoses were recruited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A transition task from double-legged to single-legged stance was performed with eyes open and with eyes closed. Both limbs were tested in 4 experimental conditions: (1) barefoot (BF), (2) shoes only, (3) shoes with standard foot orthoses, and (4) shoes with custom foot orthoses (SCFO).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The onset of activity of 9 lower extremity muscles was recorded using surface electromyography and a single force plate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on a full-factorial (condition, region, limb, vision) linear model for repeated measures, we found a condition effect (F3,91.8 = 9.39, P &amp;lt; .001). Differences among experimental conditions did not depend on limb or vision condition. Based on a 2-way (condition, muscle) linear model within each region (ankle, knee, hip), earlier muscle-activation onset times were observed in the SCFO than in the BF condition for the peroneus longus (P &amp;lt; .001), tibialis anterior (P = .003), vastus medialis obliquus (P = .04), and vastus lateralis (P = .005). Furthermore, the peroneus longus was activated earlier in the shoes-only (P = .02) and shoes-with-standard-foot-orthoses (P = .03) conditions than in the BF condition. No differences were observed for the hip muscles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Earlier onset of muscle activity was most apparent in the SCFO condition for ankle and knee muscles but not for hip muscles during the transition from double-legged to single-legged stance. These findings might help clinicians understand how shoes and foot orthoses can influence neuromuscular control in participants with CAI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.2.02","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T14:39:25Z","timestamp":1428590365000},"page":"688-696","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Muscle-Activation Onset Times With Shoes and Foot Orthoses in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Bart","family":"Dingenen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Peeraer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences;"},{"name":"Thomas More Kempen University College, Mobilab, Geel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Deschamps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Fieuws","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Janssens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences;"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology Services, KU Leuven, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Staes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411254938000_i1062-6050-50-7-688-b01","first-page":"311","article-title":"Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives","volume":"42","author":"Hootman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411254938000_i1062-6050-50-7-688-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.11.018","article-title":"What is the clinical course of acute ankle sprains? 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