{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:33:34Z","timestamp":1783456414500,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"\n Context:\u2003<\/jats:bold>Knee overuse injuries are the most common musculoskeletal complaints in military trainees and are common in active-duty warfighters. Muscle strengthening is usually recommended; however, research is conflicting in this area, which makes it difficult to develop effective screening, prevention, and training interventions for warfighters.<\/jats:p>\n \n Objective:\u2003<\/jats:bold>To determine if lower extremity muscular weakness contributes to knee overuse injuries and identify specific muscular involvement.<\/jats:p>\n \n Data Sources:\u2003<\/jats:bold>We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Military & Government Collection and reference lists of relevant articles published between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2013.<\/jats:p>\n \n Study Selection:\u2003<\/jats:bold>For inclusion, requirements were uninjured and injured groups; provision of the sample size, means, and standard deviations for all groups; identification of the specific muscles assessed; and clearly defined knee injury.<\/jats:p>\n \n Data Extraction:\u2003<\/jats:bold>Sample size, sex, and muscle strength means and standard deviations.<\/jats:p>\n \n Data Synthesis:\u2003<\/jats:bold>Twenty-five studies met these criteria. We used the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network algorithm to determine the appropriate tool for appraising article quality. Unweighted random-effects model meta-analyses were conducted. Separate meta-analyses were performed for the moderators of strength measurement scale (absolute or normalized muscle strength), muscle group, and sex. A weighted random-effects model with a Hedges g<\/jats:italic> effect metric and 95% confidence intervals were used for comparison across studies.<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:\u2003<\/jats:bold>Our meta-analysis suggests that individuals with symptoms of a knee overuse injury have lower absolute and normalized hip muscle strength. Specifically, they had lower absolute hip external-rotator, knee-extensor, and knee-flexor strength, as well as lower normalized hip external-rotator, hip-extensor, and hip-abductor strength, compared with asymptomatic control participants. The findings suggest a possible link between lower hip and thigh strength and knee overuse injuries. Further research is needed to determine if weakness is a cause or a result of knee overuse injuries before screening and intervention can be developed for at-risk warfighters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.4.09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T17:41:22Z","timestamp":1474306882000},"page":"919-926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Meta-Analysis to Determine if Lower Extremity Muscle Strengthening Should Be Included in Military Knee Overuse Injury-Prevention Programs"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Roger O.","family":"Kollock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tulsa, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Post-Certification Graduate Program, Auburn University, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlyn","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Post-Certification Graduate Program, Auburn University, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Post-Certification Graduate Program, Auburn University, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Games","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoEllen M.","family":"Sefton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b01","series-title":"US Army Med Dep J","article-title":"Musculoskeletal, biomechanical, and physiological gender differences in the US military","author":"Allison \n KF,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allison \n KF, \n \n \n Keenan \n KA, \n \n \n Sell \n TC, \n \n et al. \n Musculoskeletal, biomechanical, and physiological gender differences in the US military. 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A two-year prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Witvrouw \n E,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Witvrouw \n E, \n \n \n Lysens \n R, \n \n \n Bellemans \n J, \n \n \n Cambier \n D, \n \n \n Vanderstraeten \n G. \n \n \n Intrinsic risk factors for the development of anterior knee pain in an athletic population. A two-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(4):480\u2013489."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b10","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"186","article-title":"Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among Norwegian conscripts undergoing basic military training","volume":"6","author":"Heir \n T,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Heir \n T, \n \n \n Glomsaker \n P. \n \n \n Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among Norwegian conscripts undergoing basic military training. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1996;6(3):186\u2013191."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b11","series-title":"Mil Med","first-page":"988","article-title":"Injury rates and injury risk factors among U.S. Army wheel vehicle mechanics","volume":"172","author":"Knapik \n JJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Knapik \n JJ, \n \n \n Jones \n SB, \n \n \n Darakjy \n S, \n \n et al. \n Injury rates and injury risk factors among U.S. Army wheel vehicle mechanics. Mil Med. 2007;172(9):988\u2013996."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b12","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"585","article-title":"The effect of foot structure and range of motion on musculoskeletal overuse injuries","volume":"27","author":"Kaufman \n KR,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kaufman \n KR, \n \n \n Brodine \n SK, \n \n \n Shaffer \n RA, \n \n \n Johnson \n CW, \n \n \n Cullison \n TR. \n \n \n The effect of foot structure and range of motion on musculoskeletal overuse injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27(5):585\u2013593."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b13","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"641","article-title":"A comparison of hip strength between sedentary females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Magalh\u00e3es \n E,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es \n E, \n \n \n Fukuda \n TY, \n \n \n Sacramento \n SN, \n \n \n Forgas \n A, \n \n \n Cohen \n M, \n \n \n Abdalla \n RJ. \n \n \n A comparison of hip strength between sedentary females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40(10):641\u2013647."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b14","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"793","article-title":"Strength around the hip and flexibility of soft tissues in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Piva \n SR,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Piva \n SR, \n \n \n Goodnite \n EA, \n \n \n Childs \n JD. \n \n \n Strength around the hip and flexibility of soft tissues in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35(12):793\u2013801."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b15","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"302","article-title":"Validation of outcome measures in patients with patellofemoral syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Chesworth \n BM,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Chesworth \n BM, \n \n \n Culham \n E, \n \n \n Tata \n GE, \n \n \n Peat \n M. \n \n \n Validation of outcome measures in patients with patellofemoral syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1989;10(8):302\u2013308."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b16","series-title":"S Afr J Physiother","first-page":"23","article-title":"The effect of gluteus medius training on hip kinematics in a runner with iliotibial band syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Schreiber \n R,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schreiber \n R, \n \n \n Louw \n Q. \n \n \n The effect of gluteus medius training on hip kinematics in a runner with iliotibial band syndrome. S Afr J Physiother. 2011;67(2):23\u201328."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b17","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"7","article-title":"and eccentric torque of the hip musculature in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain","volume":"44","author":"Boling \n MC,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boling \n MC, \n \n \n Padua \n DA, \n \n \n Alexander Creighton R. \n Concentric \n \n \n and eccentric torque of the hip musculature in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain. J Athl Train. 2009;44(1):7\u201313."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b18","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"455","article-title":"Influence of the hip on patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Meira \n EP,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meira \n EP, \n \n \n Brumitt \n J. \n \n \n Influence of the hip on patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. Sports Health. 2011;3(5):455\u2013465."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b19","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"245","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain syndrome: a review of current issues","volume":"28","author":"Thome\u00e9 \n R,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thome\u00e9 \n R, \n \n \n Augustsson \n J, \n \n \n Karlsson \n J. \n \n \n Patellofemoral pain syndrome: a review of current issues. Sports Med. 1999;28(4):245\u2013262."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b20","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"52","article-title":"Competitive female runners with a history of iliotibial band syndrome demonstrate atypical hip and knee kinematics","volume":"40","author":"Ferber \n R,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferber \n R, \n \n \n Noehren \n B, \n \n \n Hamill \n J, \n \n \n Davis \n IS. \n \n \n Competitive female runners with a history of iliotibial band syndrome demonstrate atypical hip and knee kinematics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40(2):52\u201358."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b21","series-title":"PM R","first-page":"550","article-title":"Iliotibial band syndrome: soft tissue and biomechanical factors in evaluation and treatment","volume":"3","author":"Baker \n RL,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baker \n RL, \n \n \n Souza \n RB, \n \n \n Fredericson \n M. \n \n \n Iliotibial band syndrome: soft tissue and biomechanical factors in evaluation and treatment. PM R. 2011;3(6):550\u2013561."},{"key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b22","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"55","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain: results of nonoperative treatment","volume":"436","author":"Post \n WR.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Post \n WR. \n \n \n Patellofemoral pain: results of nonoperative treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;436:55\u201359."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b23","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"169","article-title":"Foot orthoses and physiotherapy in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomised clinical trial","volume":"43","author":"Collins \n N,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Collins \n N, \n \n \n Crossley \n K, \n \n \n Beller \n E, \n \n \n Darnell \n R, \n \n \n McPoil \n T, \n \n \n Vicenzino \n B. \n \n \n Foot orthoses and physiotherapy in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomised clinical trial. 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J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(1):33\u201346."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b28","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"630","article-title":"The role of hip muscle function in the treatment of patellofernoral pain syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Tyler \n TF,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tyler \n TF, \n \n \n Nicholas \n SJ, \n \n \n Mullaney \n MJ, \n \n \n McHugh \n MP. \n \n \n The role of hip muscle function in the treatment of patellofernoral pain syndrome. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(4):630\u2013636."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b29","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"42","article-title":"The influence of abnormal hip mechanics on knee injury: a biomechanical perspective","volume":"40","author":"Powers \n CM.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Powers \n CM. \n \n \n The influence of abnormal hip mechanics on knee injury: a biomechanical perspective. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40(2):42\u201351."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b30","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"579","article-title":"Predictors of hip internal rotation during running: an evaluation of hip strength and femoral structure in women with and without patellofemoral pain","volume":"37","author":"Souza \n RB,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Souza \n RB, \n \n \n Powers \n CM. \n \n \n Predictors of hip internal rotation during running: an evaluation of hip strength and femoral structure in women with and without patellofemoral pain. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(3):579\u2013587."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b31","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Is hip muscle weakness a predisposing factor for patellofemoral pain in female novice runners? A prospective study","volume":"39","author":"Thijs \n Y,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thijs \n Y, \n \n \n Pattyn \n E, \n \n \n Van Tiggelen \n D, \n \n \n Rombaut \n L, \n \n \n Witvrouw \n E. \n \n \n Is hip muscle weakness a predisposing factor for patellofemoral pain in female novice runners? A prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(9):1877\u20131882."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b32","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Hip strength in collegiate female athletes with patellofemoral pain","volume":"39","author":"Cichanowski \n HR,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cichanowski \n HR, \n \n \n Schmitt \n JS, \n \n \n Johnson \n RJ, \n \n \n Niemuth \n PE. \n \n \n Hip strength in collegiate female athletes with patellofemoral pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1227\u20131232."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b33","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","first-page":"579","article-title":"Hip abductor weakness is not the cause for iliotibial band syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Grau \n S,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grau \n S, \n \n \n Krauss \n I, \n \n \n Maiwald \n C, \n \n \n Best \n R, \n \n \n Horstmann \n T. \n \n \n Hip abductor weakness is not the cause for iliotibial band syndrome. Int J Sports Med. 2008;29(7):579\u2013583."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b34","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"169","article-title":"Hip abductor weakness in distance runners with iliotibial band syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Fredericson \n M,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fredericson \n M, \n \n \n Cookingham \n CL, \n \n \n Chaudhari \n AM, \n \n \n Dowdell \n BC, \n \n \n Oestreicher \n N, \n \n \n Sahrmann \n SA. \n \n \n Hip abductor weakness in distance runners with iliotibial band syndrome. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10(3):169\u2013175."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b35","series-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci","first-page":"213","article-title":"Isokinetic assessment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a prospective study in female recruits","volume":"16","author":"Duvigneaud \n N,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Duvigneaud \n N, \n \n \n Bernard \n E, \n \n \n Stevens \n V, \n \n \n Witvrouw \n E, \n \n \n Van Tiggelen \n D. \n \n \n Isokinetic assessment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a prospective study in female recruits. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2008;16(4):213\u2013219."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b36","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","first-page":"1006","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher \n D,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher \n D, \n \n \n Liberati \n A, \n \n \n Tetzlaff \n J, \n \n \n Altman \n DG. \n \n \n Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006\u20131012."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b37","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"490","article-title":"Eccentric hip muscle function in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"44","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baldon Rde M, Nakagawa TH, Muniz TB, Amorim CF, Maciel CD, Serrao FV. Eccentric hip muscle function in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Athl Train. 2009;44(5):490\u2013496."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b38","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"12","article-title":"Hip strength and hip and knee kinematics during stair descent in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Bolgla \n L,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bolgla \n L, \n \n \n Malone \n T, \n \n \n Umberger \n B, \n \n \n Uhl \n T. \n \n \n Hip strength and hip and knee kinematics during stair descent in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38(1):12\u201318."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b39","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"98","article-title":"The effects of quadriceps strengthening on pain, function, and patellofemoral joint contact area in persons with patellofemoral pain","volume":"91","author":"Chiu \n JK,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chiu \n JK, \n \n \n Wong \n YM, \n \n \n Yung \n PS, \n \n \n Ng \n GY. \n \n \n The effects of quadriceps strengthening on pain, function, and patellofemoral joint contact area in persons with patellofemoral pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;91(2):98\u2013106."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b40","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"584","article-title":"Altered hip and trunk muscle function in individuals with patellofemoral pain","volume":"43","author":"Cowan \n SM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cowan \n SM, \n \n \n Crossley \n KM, \n \n \n Bennell \n KL. \n \n \n Altered hip and trunk muscle function in individuals with patellofemoral pain. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(8):584\u2013588."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b41","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"142","article-title":"Changes in knee biomechanics after a hip-abductor strengthening protocol for runners with patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Ferber \n R,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferber \n R, \n \n \n Kendall \n KD, \n \n \n Farr \n L. \n \n \n Changes in knee biomechanics after a hip-abductor strengthening protocol for runners with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Athl Train. 2011;46(2):142\u2013149."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b42","series-title":"PM R","first-page":"792","article-title":"Hip strength and knee pain in high school runners: a prospective study","volume":"3","author":"Finnoff \n JT,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finnoff \n JT, \n \n \n Hall \n MM, \n \n \n Kyle \n K, \n \n \n Krause \n DA, \n \n \n Lai \n J, \n \n \n Smith \n J. \n \n \n Hip strength and knee pain in high school runners: a prospective study. PM R. 2011;3(9):792\u2013801."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b43","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"521","article-title":"Efficacy of isokinetic exercise on joint position sense and muscle strength in patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Hazneci \n B,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hazneci \n B, \n \n \n Yildiz \n Y, \n \n \n Sekir \n U, \n \n \n Aydin \n T, \n \n \n Kalyon \n TA. \n \n \n Efficacy of isokinetic exercise on joint position sense and muscle strength in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;84(7):521\u2013527."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b44","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"671","article-title":"Hip strength in females with and without patellofemoral pain","volume":"33","author":"Ireland \n M,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ireland \n M, \n \n \n Willson \n J, \n \n \n Ballantyne \n B, \n \n \n Davis \n I. \n \n \n Hip strength in females with and without patellofemoral pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(11):671\u2013676."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b45","series-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc","first-page":"242","article-title":"Women with patellofemoral pain syndrome have quadriceps femoris volume and strength deficiency","volume":"19","author":"Kaya \n D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaya \n D, \n \n \n Citaker \n S, \n \n \n Kerimoglu \n U, \n \n et al. \n Women with patellofemoral pain syndrome have quadriceps femoris volume and strength deficiency. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19(2):242\u2013247."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b46","series-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci","first-page":"217","article-title":"Association of strength with patellar tendinopathy in female runners","volume":"15","author":"Krauss \n I,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krauss \n I, \n \n \n Grau \n S, \n \n \n Rombach \n S, \n \n et al. \n Association of strength with patellar tendinopathy in female runners. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2007;15(3):217\u2013223."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b47","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"2165","article-title":"Isometric strength ratios of the hip musculature in females with patellofemoral pain: a comparison to pain-free controls","volume":"27","author":"Magalh\u00e3es \n E,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es \n E, \n \n \n Silva \n AP, \n \n \n Sacramento \n SN, \n \n \n Martin \n RL, \n \n \n Fukuda \n TY. \n \n \n Isometric strength ratios of the hip musculature in females with patellofemoral pain: a comparison to pain-free controls. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(8):2165\u20132170."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b48","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"491","article-title":"Trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics, hip strength, and gluteal muscle activation during a single-leg squat in males and females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Nakagawa \n T,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nakagawa \n T, \n \n \n Moriya \n \u00c9, \n \n \n Maciel \n C, \n \n \n Serr\u00e3o \n F. \n \n \n Trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics, hip strength, and gluteal muscle activation during a single-leg squat in males and females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42(6):491\u2013501."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b49","series-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci","first-page":"303","article-title":"Quadriceps strength loss at flexed knee angles in active high-level soccer players with patellofemoral pain","volume":"15","author":"Olmo \n J,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olmo \n J, \n \n \n Aguado \n J, \n \n \n Cort\u00e9s \n L, \n \n \n Espiniella \n A, \n \n \n Morate \n F. \n \n \n Quadriceps strength loss at flexed knee angles in active high-level soccer players with patellofemoral pain. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2007;15(4):303\u2013307."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b50","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"232","article-title":"Analysis of hip strength in females seeking physical therapy treatment for unilateral patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Robinson \n RL,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Robinson \n RL, \n \n \n Nee \n RJ. \n \n \n Analysis of hip strength in females seeking physical therapy treatment for unilateral patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37(5):232\u2013238."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b51","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"76","article-title":"Lower extremity strength and mechanics during jumping in women with patellofemoral pain","volume":"18","author":"Willson \n JD,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Willson \n JD, \n \n \n Davis \n IS. \n \n \n Lower extremity strength and mechanics during jumping in women with patellofemoral pain. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(1):76\u201390."},{"key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b52","series-title":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Web site","article-title":"SIGN grading system 1999\u20132012","year":"2012","unstructured":"SIGN grading system 1999\u20132012. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Web site. http:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/guidelines\/fulltext\/50\/annexoldb.html. Accessed December 11,2012."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b53","series-title":"J Appl Biomech","first-page":"41","article-title":"Relationship between hip and knee strength and knee valgus during a single leg squat","volume":"22","author":"Claiborne \n TL,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Claiborne \n TL, \n \n \n Armstrong \n CW, \n \n \n Gandhi \n V, \n \n \n Pincivero \n DM. \n \n \n Relationship between hip and knee strength and knee valgus during a single leg squat. J Appl Biomech. 2006;22(1):41\u201350."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b54","series-title":"Athl Ther Today","first-page":"18","article-title":"Assessing muscular strength at the hip joint","volume":"13","author":"Kollock \n RO,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kollock \n RO, \n \n \n Onate \n JA, \n \n \n Van Lunen \n B. \n \n \n Assessing muscular strength at the hip joint. Athl Ther Today. 2008;13(2):18\u201324."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-11-919-b55","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"14","article-title":"Hip muscle weakness and overuse injuries in recreational runners","volume":"15","author":"Niemuth \n PE,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Niemuth \n PE, \n \n \n Johnson \n RJ, \n \n \n Myers \n MJ, \n \n \n Thieman \n TJ. \n \n \n Hip muscle weakness and overuse injuries in recreational runners. 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