{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:51:19Z","timestamp":1793663479140,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":" Neuromuscular and mechanical deficiencies are commonly studied in participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Few investigators have attempted to comprehensively consider sensorimotor and mechanical differences among people with CAI, copers who did not present with prolonged dysfunctions after an initial ankle sprain, and a healthy control group.Context:<\/jats:p>\n To determine if differences exist in spinal reflex excitability and ankle laxity among participants with CAI, copers, and healthy controls.Objective:<\/jats:p>\n Case-control study.Design:<\/jats:p>\n Research laboratory.Setting:<\/jats:p>\n Thirty-seven participants with CAI, 30 participants categorized as copers, and 26 healthy control participants.Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:p>\n We assessed spinal reflex excitability of the soleus using the Hoffmann reflex protocol. Participants' ankle laxity was measured with an instrumented ankle arthrometer. The maximum Hoffmann reflex\u2009:\u2009maximal muscle response ratio was calculated. Ankle laxity was measured as the total displacement in the anterior-posterior directions (mm) and total rotation in the inversion and eversion directions (\u00b0).Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:p>\n Spinal reflex excitability was diminished in participants with CAI compared with copers and control participants (P<\/jats:italic> = .01). No differences were observed among any of the groups for ankle laxity.Results:<\/jats:p>\n Changes in the spinal reflex excitability of the soleus that likely affect ankle stability were seen only in the CAI group, yet no mechanical differences were noted across the groups. These findings support the importance of finding effective ways to increase spinal reflex excitability for the purpose of treating neural excitability dysfunction in patients with CAI.Conclusion:<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.5.05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T17:47:17Z","timestamp":1474307237000},"page":"336-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Neural Excitability and Joint Laxity in Chronic Ankle Instability, Coper, and Control Groups"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Bowker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University, OH;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbey C.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Pietrosimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip A.","family":"Gribble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, Lexington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b01","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"73","article-title":"A systematic review of ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports","volume":"37","author":"Fong \n D,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fong \n D, \n \n \n Hong \n Y, \n \n \n Chan \n L, \n \n \n Yung \n P, \n \n \n Chan \n K. \n \n \n A systematic review of ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports Med. 2007;37(1):73\u201394."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b02","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1586","article-title":"Patterns of recurrent injuries among US high school athletes, 2005\u22122008","volume":"37","author":"Swenson \n DM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Swenson \n DM, \n \n \n Yard \n EE, \n \n \n Fields \n SK, \n \n \n Comstock \n RD. \n \n \n Patterns of recurrent injuries among US high school athletes, 2005\u22122008. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(8):1586\u20131593."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b03","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"E14","article-title":"Long term outcomes of inversion ankle injuries","volume":"39","author":"Anandacoomarasamy \n A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anandacoomarasamy \n A, \n \n \n Barnsley \n L. \n \n \n Long term outcomes of inversion ankle injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(3):E14."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b04","series-title":"Foot Ankle Spec","first-page":"37","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic ankle instability in high school and division I athletes","volume":"7","author":"Tanen \n L,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tanen \n L, \n \n \n Docherty \n CL, \n \n \n Van Der Pol \n B, \n \n \n Simon \n J, \n \n \n Schrader \n J. \n \n \n Prevalence of chronic ankle instability in high school and division I athletes. Foot Ankle Spec. 2014;7(1):37\u201344."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b05","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"129","article-title":"Seven years follow-up after ankle inversion trauma","volume":"12","author":"Konradsen \n L,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Konradsen \n L, \n \n \n Bech \n L, \n \n \n Ehrenbjerg \n M, \n \n \n Nickelsen \n T. \n \n \n Seven years follow-up after ankle inversion trauma. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2002;12(3):129\u2013135."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b06","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"133","article-title":"Chronic ankle instability: evolution of the model","volume":"46","author":"Hiller \n CE,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hiller \n CE, \n \n \n Kilbreath \n SL, \n \n \n Refshauge \n KM. \n \n \n Chronic ankle instability: evolution of the model. J Athl Train. 2011;46(2):133\u2013141."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b07","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"136","article-title":"Discriminating between copers and people with chronic ankle instability","volume":"47","author":"Wikstrom \n EA,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wikstrom \n EA, \n \n \n Tillman \n MD, \n \n \n Chmielewski \n TL, \n \n \n Cauraugh \n JH, \n \n \n Naugle \n KE, \n \n \n Borsa \n P. \n \n \n Discriminating between copers and people with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2012;47(2):136\u2013142."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b08","series-title":"Gait Posture","first-page":"82","article-title":"Postural control differs between those with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"32","author":"Wikstrom \n EA,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wikstrom \n EA, \n \n \n Fournier \n KA, \n \n \n McKeon \n PO. \n \n \n Postural control differs between those with and without chronic ankle instability. Gait Posture. 2010;32(1):82\u201386."},{"issue":"15","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b09","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Optimising ankle sprain prevention: a critical review and practical appraisal of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Verhagen \n E,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verhagen \n E, \n \n \n Bay \n K. \n \n \n Optimising ankle sprain prevention: a critical review and practical appraisal of the literature. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(15):1082\u20131088."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b10","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"829","article-title":"Chronic ankle instability alters central organization of movement","volume":"38","author":"Hass \n CJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hass \n CJ, \n \n \n Bishop \n MD, \n \n \n Doidge \n D, \n \n \n Wikstrom \n EA. \n \n \n Chronic ankle instability alters central organization of movement. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(4):829\u2013834."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b11","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"621","article-title":"Chronic ankle instability and corticomotor excitability of the fibularis longus muscle","volume":"47","author":"Pietrosimone \n BG,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pietrosimone \n BG, \n \n \n Gribble \n PA. \n \n \n Chronic ankle instability and corticomotor excitability of the fibularis longus muscle. J Athl Train. 2012;47(6):621\u2013626."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b12","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"E137","article-title":"Dynamic postural control but not mechanical stability differs among those with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"20","author":"Wikstrom \n EA,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wikstrom \n EA, \n \n \n Tillman \n MD, \n \n \n Chmielewski \n TL, \n \n \n Cauraugh \n JH, \n \n \n Naugle \n KE, \n \n \n Borsa \n PA. \n \n \n Dynamic postural control but not mechanical stability differs among those with and without chronic ankle instability. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(1):E137\u2013E144."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b13","series-title":"Clin Sports Med","first-page":"353","article-title":"Sensorimotor deficits with ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability","volume":"27","author":"Hertel \n J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hertel \n J. \n \n \n Sensorimotor deficits with ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27(3):353\u2013370."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b14","series-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)","first-page":"52","article-title":"Movement variability during single leg jump landings in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"27","author":"Brown \n C,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown \n C, \n \n \n Bowser \n B, \n \n \n Simpson \n KJ. \n \n \n Movement variability during single leg jump landings in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2012;27(1):52\u201363."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b15","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"121","article-title":"Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium","volume":"49","author":"Gribble \n PA,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gribble \n PA, \n \n \n Delahunt \n E, \n \n \n Bleakley \n CM, \n \n et al. \n Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium. J Athl Train. 2014;49(1):121\u2013127."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b16","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"593","article-title":"Differences in lateral ankle laxity measured via stress ultrasonography in individuals with chronic ankle instability, ankle sprain copers, and healthy individuals","volume":"42","author":"Croy \n T,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Croy \n T, \n \n \n Saliba \n SA, \n \n \n Saliba \n E, \n \n \n Anderson \n MW, \n \n \n Hertel \n J. \n \n \n Differences in lateral ankle laxity measured via stress ultrasonography in individuals with chronic ankle instability, ankle sprain copers, and healthy individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42(7):593\u2013600."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b17","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"982","article-title":"Peroneal activation deficits in persons with functional ankle instability","volume":"37","author":"Palmieri-Smith \n RM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Palmieri-Smith \n RM, \n \n \n Hopkins \n JT, \n \n \n Brown \n TN. \n \n \n Peroneal activation deficits in persons with functional ankle instability. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(5):982\u2013988."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b18","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Arthrogenic muscle inhibition in the leg muscles of subjects exhibiting functional ankle instability","volume":"26","author":"McVey \n ED,","year":"2005","unstructured":"McVey \n ED, \n \n \n Palmieri \n RM, \n \n \n Docherty \n CL, \n \n \n Zinder \n SM, \n \n \n Ingersoll \n CD. \n \n \n Arthrogenic muscle inhibition in the leg muscles of subjects exhibiting functional ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(12):1055\u20131061."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b19","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"26","article-title":"Arthrogenic muscle response to a simulated ankle joint effusion","volume":"38","author":"Palmieri \n RM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Palmieri \n RM, \n \n \n Ingersoll \n CD, \n \n \n Hoffman \n MA, \n \n et al. \n Arthrogenic muscle response to a simulated ankle joint effusion. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(1):26\u201330."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b20","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"135","article-title":"Arthrogenic muscle inhibition: a limiting factor in joint rehabilitation","volume":"9","author":"Hopkins \n JT,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hopkins \n JT, \n \n \n Ingersoll \n CD. \n \n \n Arthrogenic muscle inhibition: a limiting factor in joint rehabilitation. J Sport Rehabil. 2000;9(2):135\u2013159."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b21","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"233","article-title":"Low-load eversion force sense, self-reported ankle instability, and frequency of giving way","volume":"41","author":"Arnold \n BL,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arnold \n BL, \n \n \n Docherty \n CL. \n \n \n Low-load eversion force sense, self-reported ankle instability, and frequency of giving way. J Athl Train. 2006;41(3):233\u2013238."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b22","series-title":"J Orthop Res","first-page":"1412","article-title":"Contralateral force sense deficits are related to the presence of functional ankle instability","volume":"24","author":"Docherty \n CL,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Docherty \n CL, \n \n \n Arnold \n BL, \n \n \n Hurwitz \n S. \n \n \n Contralateral force sense deficits are related to the presence of functional ankle instability. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(7):1412\u20131419."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b23","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"666","article-title":"Plantar vibrotactile detection deficits in adults with chronic ankle instability","volume":"44","author":"Hoch \n MC,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoch \n MC, \n \n \n McKeon \n PO, \n \n \n Andreatta \n RD. \n \n \n Plantar vibrotactile detection deficits in adults with chronic ankle instability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(4):666\u2013672."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b24","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"490","article-title":"Plantar cutaneous sensitivity and balance in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"24","author":"Powell \n MR,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Powell \n MR, \n \n \n Powden \n CJ, \n \n \n Houston \n MN, \n \n \n Hoch \n MC. \n \n \n Plantar cutaneous sensitivity and balance in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability. Clin J Sport Med. 2014;24(6):490\u2013496."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b25","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"154","article-title":"Development and reliability of the ankle instability instrument","volume":"41","author":"Docherty \n CL,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Docherty \n CL, \n \n \n Gansneder \n BM, \n \n \n Arnold \n BL, \n \n \n Hurwitz \n SR. \n \n \n Development and reliability of the ankle instability instrument. J Athl Train. 2006;41(2):154\u2013158."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b26","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","first-page":"755","article-title":"Development of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI)","volume":"33","author":"Simon \n J,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simon \n J, \n \n \n Donahue \n M, \n \n \n Docherty \n C. \n \n \n Development of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI). Foot Ankle Int. 2012;33(9):755\u2013763."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b27","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","first-page":"968","article-title":"Evidence of validity for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)","volume":"26","author":"Martin \n RL,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin \n RL, \n \n \n Irrgang \n JJ, \n \n \n Burdett \n RG, \n \n \n Conti \n SF, \n \n \n Van Swearingen \n JM. \n \n \n Evidence of validity for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(11):968\u2013983."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b28","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","first-page":"359","article-title":"Caffeine increases spinal excitability in humans","volume":"28","author":"Walton \n C,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walton \n C, \n \n \n Kalmar \n J, \n \n \n Cafarelli \n E. \n \n \n Caffeine increases spinal excitability in humans. Muscle Nerve. 2003;28(3):359\u2013364."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b29","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"361","article-title":"Correlations among multiple measures of functional and mechanical instability in subjects with chronic ankle instability","volume":"42","author":"Hubbard \n TJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hubbard \n TJ, \n \n \n Kramer \n LC, \n \n \n Denegar \n CR, \n \n \n Hertel \n J. \n \n \n Correlations among multiple measures of functional and mechanical instability in subjects with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2007;42(3):361\u2013366."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b30","series-title":"Int J Neurosci","first-page":"841","article-title":"Intersession reliability for H-reflex measurements arising from the soleus, peroneal, and tibialis anterior musculature","volume":"112","author":"Palmieri \n RM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Palmieri \n RM, \n \n \n Hoffman \n MA, \n \n \n Ingersoll \n CD. \n \n \n Intersession reliability for H-reflex measurements arising from the soleus, peroneal, and tibialis anterior musculature. Int J Neurosci. 2002;112(7):841\u2013850."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b31","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"263","article-title":"Motor-neuron pool excitability of the lower leg muscles after acute lateral ankle sprain","volume":"46","author":"Klykken \n LW,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klykken \n LW, \n \n \n Pietrosimone \n BG, \n \n \n Kim \n KM, \n \n \n Ingersoll \n CD, \n \n \n Hertel \n J. \n \n \n Motor-neuron pool excitability of the lower leg muscles after acute lateral ankle sprain. J Athl Train. 2011;46(3):263\u2013269."},{"issue":"pt 1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b32","series-title":"J Physiol","first-page":"357","article-title":"Human balancing of an inverted pendulum with a compliant linkage: neural control by anticipatory intermittent bias","volume":"551","author":"Lakie \n M,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lakie \n M, \n \n \n Caplan \n N, \n \n \n Loram \n ID. \n \n \n Human balancing of an inverted pendulum with a compliant linkage: neural control by anticipatory intermittent bias. J Physiol. 2003;551(pt 1):357\u2013370."},{"issue":"5\u22126","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b33","series-title":"Hum Mov Sci","first-page":"667","article-title":"A review of the H-reflex and M-wave in the human triceps surae","volume":"24","author":"Tucker \n KJ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tucker \n KJ, \n \n \n Tuncer \n M, \n \n \n Turker \n KS. \n \n \n A review of the H-reflex and M-wave in the human triceps surae. Hum Mov Sci. 2005;24(5\u22126):667\u2013688."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b34","series-title":"Exp Brain Res","first-page":"28","article-title":"Methodological implications of the post activation depression of the soleus H-reflex in man","volume":"78","author":"Crone \n C,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Crone \n C, \n \n \n Nielsen \n J. \n \n \n Methodological implications of the post activation depression of the soleus H-reflex in man. Exp Brain Res. 1989;78(1):28\u201332."},{"key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b35","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed","author":"Cohen \n J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen \n J. \n \n \n Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates;1988."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b36","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"143","article-title":"Sex differences, hormone fluctuations, ankle stability, and dynamic postural control","volume":"47","author":"Ericksen \n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ericksen \n H, \n \n \n Gribble \n PA. \n \n \n Sex differences, hormone fluctuations, ankle stability, and dynamic postural control. J Athl Train. 2012;47(2):143\u2013148."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b37","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"483","article-title":"Increased frequency of ankle sprain does not lead to an increase in ligament laxity","volume":"23","author":"Liu \n K,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu \n K, \n \n \n Gustavsen \n G, \n \n \n Kaminski \n TW. \n \n \n Increased frequency of ankle sprain does not lead to an increase in ligament laxity. Clin J Sport Med. 2013;23(6):483\u2013487."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b38","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"202","article-title":"Brain regulation of muscle tone in healthy and functionally unstable ankles","volume":"22","author":"Needle \n AR,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Needle \n AR, \n \n \n Palmer \n JA, \n \n \n Kesar \n TM, \n \n \n Binder-Macleod \n SA, \n \n \n Swanik \n CB. \n \n \n Brain regulation of muscle tone in healthy and functionally unstable ankles. J Sport Rehabil. 2013;22(3):202\u2013211."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b39","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"192","article-title":"Muscle spindle traffic in functionally unstable ankles during ligamentous stress","volume":"48","author":"Needle \n AR,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Needle \n AR, \n \n \n Charles \n BBS, \n \n \n Farquhar \n WB, \n \n \n Thomas \n SJ, \n \n \n Rose \n WC, \n \n \n Kaminski \n TW. \n \n \n Muscle spindle traffic in functionally unstable ankles during ligamentous stress. J Athl Train. 2013;48(2):192\u2013202."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b40","series-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev","first-page":"145","article-title":"Muscle reflexes in motion: how, what, and why?","volume":"34","author":"Stein \n RB,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stein \n RB, \n \n \n Thompson \n AK. \n \n \n Muscle reflexes in motion: how, what, and why?\n Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2006;34(4):145\u2013153."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b41","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"71","article-title":"The sensorimotor system, part I: the physiologic basis of functional joint stability","volume":"37","author":"Riemann \n BL,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Riemann \n BL, \n \n \n Lephart \n SM. \n \n \n The sensorimotor system, part I: the physiologic basis of functional joint stability. J Athl Train. 2002;37(1):71\u201379."},{"key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b42","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"76","article-title":"Spatiotemporal postural control deficits are present in those with chronic ankle instability","volume":"9","author":"McKeon \n PO,","year":"2008","unstructured":"McKeon \n PO, \n \n \n Hertel \n J. \n \n \n Spatiotemporal postural control deficits are present in those with chronic ankle instability. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:76."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b43","series-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)","first-page":"451","article-title":"Sensorimotor function as a predictor of chronic ankle instability","volume":"24","author":"Sefton \n JM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sefton \n JM, \n \n \n Hicks-Little \n CA, \n \n \n Hubbard \n TJ, \n \n et al. \n Sensorimotor function as a predictor of chronic ankle instability. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2009;24(5):451\u2013458."},{"key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b44","series-title":"Hum Mov Sci","first-page":"154","article-title":"Alterations in stride-to-stride variability during walking in individuals with chronic ankle instability","volume":"40","author":"Terada \n M,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Terada \n M, \n \n \n Bowker \n S, \n \n \n Thomas \n AC, \n \n et al. \n Alterations in stride-to-stride variability during walking in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Hum Mov Sci. 2015;40:154\u2013162."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-51-4-336-b45","series-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc","first-page":"370","article-title":"Pre-synaptic modulation of quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition","volume":"13","author":"Palmieri \n RM,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Palmieri \n RM, \n \n \n Weltman \n A, \n \n \n Edwards \n JE, \n \n et al. \n Pre-synaptic modulation of quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition. 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