{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:11:43Z","timestamp":1784657503739,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:bold> Greater anterior knee laxity (AKL) has been identified as an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factor. The structural factors that contribute to greater AKL are not fully understood but may include the ACL and bone geometry.<\/jats:p>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:bold> To determine the relationship of ACL width and femoral notch angle to AKL.<\/jats:p>\n \n Design:<\/jats:bold> Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:bold> Controlled laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n \n Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:bold> Twenty recreationally active females (age = 21.2 \u00b1 3.1 years, height = 1.66.1 \u00b1 7.3 cm, mass = 66.5 \u00b1 12.0 kg).<\/jats:p>\n \n Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:bold> Anterior cruciate ligament width and femoral notch angle were obtained with magnetic resonance imaging of the knee and AKL was assessed. Anterior cruciate ligament width was measured as the width of a line that transected the ACL and was drawn perpendicular to the Blumensaat line. Femoral notch angle was formed by the intersection of the line parallel to the posterior cortex of the femur and the Blumensaat line. Anterior knee laxity was the anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur (mm) at 130 N of an applied force. Ten participants' magnetic resonance imaging data were assessed on 2 occasions to establish intratester reliability and precision. Using stepwise backward linear regression, we examined the extent to which ACL width, femoral notch angle, and weight were associated with AKL.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold> Strong measurement consistency and precision (intraclass correlation coefficient [2,1] \u00b1 SEM) were established for ACL width (0.98 \u00b1 0.3 mm) and femoral notch angle (0.97\u00b0 \u00b1 1.1\u00b0). The regression demonstrated that ACL width (5.9 \u00b1 1.4 mm) was negatively associated with AKL (7.2 \u00b1 2.0 mm; R<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.22, P<\/jats:italic> = .04). Femoral notch angle and weight were not retained in the final model.<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> A narrower ACL was associated with greater AKL. This finding may inform the development of ACL injury-prevention programs that include components designed to increase ACL size or strength (or both). Future authors should establish which other factors contribute to greater AKL in order to best inform injury-prevention efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.7.07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T17:41:56Z","timestamp":1474306916000},"page":"460-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Width With Anterior Knee Laxity"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Hsin-Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Shultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy J.","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b01","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1090","article-title":"Sagittal alignment of the knee and its relationship to noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"39","author":"Terauchi \n M,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Terauchi \n M, \n \n \n Hatayama \n K, \n \n \n Yanagisawa \n S, \n \n \n Saito \n K, \n \n \n Takagishi \n K. \n \n \n Sagittal alignment of the knee and its relationship to noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. 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Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(5):900\u2013909."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b15","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1806","article-title":"The effects of level of competition, sport, and sex on the incidence of first-time noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"42","author":"Beynnon \n BD,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beynnon \n BD, \n \n \n Vacek \n PM, \n \n \n Newell \n MK, \n \n et al. \n The effects of level of competition, sport, and sex on the incidence of first-time noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(8):1806\u20131812."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b16","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"58","article-title":"Correlation of anthropometric measurements, strength, anterior cruciate ligament size, and intercondylar notch characteristics to sex differences in anterior cruciate ligament tear rates","volume":"29","author":"Anderson \n AF,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson \n AF, \n \n \n Dome \n DC, \n \n \n Gautam \n S, \n \n \n Awh \n MH, \n \n \n Rennirt \n GW. \n \n \n Correlation of anthropometric measurements, strength, anterior cruciate ligament size, and intercondylar notch characteristics to sex differences in anterior cruciate ligament tear rates. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29(1):58\u201366."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b17","series-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc","first-page":"240","article-title":"[Blumensaat line and patellar height]","volume":"40","author":"Seyahi \n A,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seyahi \n A, \n \n \n Atalar \n AC, \n \n \n Koyuncu \n LO, \n \n \n Cinar \n BM, \n \n \n Demirhan \n M. \n \n \n [Blumensaat line and patellar height]. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2006;40(3):240\u2013247."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b18","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"771","article-title":"Joint laxity is related to lower extremity energetics during a drop jump landing","volume":"42","author":"Shultz \n SJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shultz \n SJ, \n \n \n Schmitz \n RJ, \n \n \n Nguyen \n AD, \n \n \n Levine \n BJ. \n \n \n Joint laxity is related to lower extremity energetics during a drop jump landing. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(4):771\u2013780."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b19","series-title":"J Orthop Res","first-page":"993","article-title":"Age, sex, body anthropometry, and ACL size predict the structural properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"29","author":"Hashemi \n J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hashemi \n J, \n \n \n Mansouri \n H, \n \n \n Chandrashekar \n N, \n \n \n Slauterbeck \n JR, \n \n \n Hardy \n DM, \n \n \n Beynnon \n BD. \n \n \n Age, sex, body anthropometry, and ACL size predict the structural properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Res. 2011;29(7):993\u20131001."},{"issue":"16","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b20","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"2843","article-title":"The use of magnetic resonance imaging to predict ACL graft structural properties","volume":"44","author":"Fleming \n BC,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fleming \n BC, \n \n \n Vajapeyam \n S, \n \n \n Connolly \n SA, \n \n \n Magarian \n EM, \n \n \n Murray \n MM. \n \n \n The use of magnetic resonance imaging to predict ACL graft structural properties. J Biomech. 2011;44(16):2843\u20132846."},{"issue":"16","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b21","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"2943","article-title":"Sex-based differences in the tensile properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"39","author":"Chandrashekar \n N,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chandrashekar \n N, \n \n \n Mansouri \n H, \n \n \n Slauterbeck \n J, \n \n \n Hashemi \n J. \n \n \n Sex-based differences in the tensile properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament. J Biomech. 2006;39(16):2943\u20132950."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b22","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1282","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament-injured subjects have smaller anterior cruciate ligaments than matched controls: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"37","author":"Chaudhari \n AM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaudhari \n AM, \n \n \n Zelman \n EA, \n \n \n Flanigan \n DC, \n \n \n Kaeding \n CC, \n \n \n Nagaraja \n HN. \n \n \n Anterior cruciate ligament-injured subjects have smaller anterior cruciate ligaments than matched controls: a magnetic resonance imaging study. 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Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(10):1492\u20131498."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-51-6-460-b25","series-title":"Int Orthop","first-page":"1715","article-title":"Hypertrophied cruciate ligament in high performance weightlifters observed in magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"36","author":"Grzelak \n P,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grzelak \n P, \n \n \n Podgorski \n M, \n \n \n Stefanczyk \n L, \n \n \n Krochmalski \n M, \n \n \n Domzalski \n M. \n \n \n Hypertrophied cruciate ligament in high performance weightlifters observed in magnetic resonance imaging. 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