{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:02:58Z","timestamp":1793800978510,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Context: Cold-water immersion (CWI) has been applied widely as a recovery method, but little evidence is available to support its effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Objective: To investigate the effects of CWI on muscle damage, perceived muscle soreness, and muscle power recovery of the upper and lower limbs after jiu-jitsu training.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design: Crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Setting: Laboratory and field.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Patients or Other Participants: A total of 8 highly trained male athletes (age = 24.0 \u00b1 3.6 years, mass = 78.4 \u00b1 2.4 kg, percentage of body fat = 13.1% \u00b1 3.6%) completed all study phases.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Intervention(s): We randomly selected half of the sample for recovery using CWI (6.0\u00b0C \u00b1 0.5\u00b0C) for 19 minutes; the other participants were allocated to the control condition (passive recovery). Treatments were reversed in the second session (after 1 week).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase enzymes; perceived muscle soreness; and recovery through visual analogue scales and muscle power of the upper and lower limbs at pretraining, postrecovery, 24 hours, and 48 hours.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Athletes who underwent CWI showed better posttraining recovery measures because circulating LDH levels were lower at 24 hours postrecovery in the CWI condition (441.9 \u00b1 81.4 IU\/L) than in the control condition (493.6 \u00b1 97.4 IU\/L; P = .03). Estimated muscle power was higher in the CWI than in the control condition for both upper limbs (757.9 \u00b1 125.1 W versus 695.9 \u00b1 56.1 W) and lower limbs (53.7 \u00b1 3.7 cm versus 35.5 \u00b1 8.2 cm; both P values = .001). In addition, we observed less perceived muscle soreness (1.5 \u00b1 1.1 arbitrary units [au] versus 3.1 \u00b1 1.0 au; P = .004) and higher perceived recovery (8.8 \u00b1 1.9 au versus 6.9 \u00b1 1.7 au; P = .005) in the CWI than in the control condition at 24 hours postrecovery.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: Use of CWI can be beneficial to jiu-jitsu athletes because it reduces circulating LDH levels, results in less perceived muscle soreness, and helps muscle power recovery at 24 hours postrecovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.9.01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T17:41:22Z","timestamp":1474306882000},"page":"540-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Use of Cold-Water Immersion to Reduce Muscle Damage and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Preserve Muscle Power in Jiu-Jitsu Athletes"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"L\u00edllian Beatriz","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciro J.","family":"Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Jer\u00f4nimo S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzo Edir","family":"Silva-Grigoletto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Junior","given":"Walderi Monteiro","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emerson","family":"Franchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411153119300_i1062-6050-51-7-540-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000746","article-title":"Effects of successive judo matches on fatigue and muscle damage markers","volume":"29","author":"Detanico","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411153119300_i1062-6050-51-7-540-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434010-00005","article-title":"Neuromuscular function after exercise-induced muscle damage: theoretical and applied implications","volume":"34","author":"Byrne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411153119300_i1062-6050-51-7-540-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2011.07.005","article-title":"Alberto Duarte J, Cabri JM. 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