{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:35:10Z","timestamp":1793385310112,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rapid diagnosis and expeditious cooling of individuals with exertional heat stroke is paramount for survival.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of various cooling systems after exercise-induced hyperthermia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-two men (age = 24 \u00b1 2 years, height = 1.76 \u00b1 0.07 m, mass = 70.7 \u00b1 9.5 kg) participated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Each participant completed a treadmill walk until body core temperature reached 39.50\u00b0C. The treadmill walk was performed at 5.3 km\/h on an 8.5% incline for 50 minutes and then at 5.0 km\/h until the end of exercise. Each participant experienced 4 cooling phases in a randomized, repeated-crossover design: (1) no cooling (CON), (2) body-cooling unit (BCU), (3) EMCOOLS Flex.Pad (EC), and (4) ThermoSuit (TS). Cooling continued for 30 minutes or until body core temperature reached 38.00\u00b0C, whichever occurred earlier.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Body core temperature (obtained via an ingestible telemetric temperature sensor) and heart rate were measured continuously during the exercise and cooling phases. Rating of perceived exertion was monitored every 5 minutes during the exercise phase and thermal sensation every minute during the cooling phase.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The absolute cooling rate was greatest with TS (0.16\u00b0C\/min \u00b1 0.06\u00b0C\/min) followed by EC (0.12\u00b0C\/min \u00b1 0.04\u00b0C\/min), BCU (0.09\u00b0C\/min \u00b1 0.06\u00b0C\/min), and CON (0.06\u00b0C\/min \u00b1 0.02\u00b0C\/min; P &amp;lt; .001). The TS offered a greater cooling rate than all other cooling modalities in this study, whereas EC offered a greater cooling rate than both CON and BCU (P &amp;lt; .0083 for all). Effect-size calculations, however, showed that EC and BCU were not clinically different.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings provide objective evidence for selecting the most effective cooling system of those we evaluated for cooling individuals with exercise-induced hyperthermia. Nevertheless, factors other than cooling efficacy need to be considered when selecting an appropriate cooling system.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.1.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T14:56:24Z","timestamp":1486133784000},"page":"108-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of Various Cooling Systems After Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Pearl M. 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