{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:05:13Z","timestamp":1790730313956,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effect of unilateral cryotherapy-facilitated rehabilitation exercise on involved-limb quadriceps function and limb symmetry in individuals with quadriceps dysfunction after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To measure the effect of a 2-week unilateral cryotherapy-facilitated quadriceps-strengthening program on knee-extension strength and quadriceps central activation ratio (CAR) in participants with ACLR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 10 volunteers with unilateral ACLR (1 man, 9 women; age = 21.0 \u00b1 2.8 years, height = 164.6 \u00b1 5.0 cm, mass = 64.0 \u00b1 6.1 kg, body mass index = 23.7 \u00b1 2.7 kg\/m2) and 10 healthy volunteers serving as control participants (1 man, 9 women; age = 20.8 \u00b1 2.5 years, height = 169.1 \u00b1 6.2 cm, mass = 61.1 \u00b1 6.4 kg, body mass index = 21.4 \u00b1 2.3 kg\/m2) participated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention(s):\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants with ACLR completed a 2-week unilateral cryotherapy-facilitated quadriceps-strengthening intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bilateral normalized knee-extension maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque (Nm\/kg) and quadriceps CAR (%) were assessed preintervention and postintervention. Limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated at preintervention and postintervention testing. Preintervention between-groups differences in unilateral quadriceps function and LSI were evaluated using independent-samples t tests. Preintervention-to-postintervention differences in quadriceps function were evaluated using paired-samples t tests. Cohen d effect sizes (95% confidence interval [CI]) were calculated for each comparison.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preintervention between-groups comparisons revealed less knee-extension MVIC torque and quadriceps CAR for the ACLR limb (MVIC: P = .01, Cohen d = \u22121.31 [95% CI = \u22122.28, \u22120.34]; CAR: P = .004, Cohen d = \u22121.48 [95% CI = \u22122.47, \u22120.49]) and uninvolved limb (MVIC: P = .03, Cohen d = \u22121.05 [95% CI = \u22121.99, \u22120.11]; CAR: P = .01, Cohen d = \u22121.27 [95% CI = \u22122.23, \u22120.31]) but not for the LSI (MVIC: P = .46, Cohen d = \u22120.34 [95% CI = \u22121.22, 0.54]; CAR: P = .60, Cohen d = 0.24 [95% CI = \u22120.64, 1.12]). In the ACLR group, participants had improved knee-extension MVIC torque in the involved limb (P = .04, Cohen d = 0.32 [95% CI = \u22120.56, 1.20]) and uninvolved limb (P = .03, Cohen d = 0.29 [95% CI = \u22120.59, 1.17]); however, the improvement in quadriceps CAR was limited to the involved limb (P = .02, Cohen d = 1.16 [95% CI = 0.21, 2.11]). We observed no change in the LSI with the intervention for knee-extension MVIC torque (P = .74, Cohen d = 0.09 [95% CI = \u22120.79, 0.97]) or quadriceps CAR (P = .61, Cohen d = 0.26 [95% CI = \u22120.62, 1.14]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two weeks of cryotherapy-facilitated exercise may improve involved-limb quadriceps function while preserving between-limbs symmetry in patients with a history of ACLR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.10.13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T18:55:22Z","timestamp":1513709722000},"page":"1010-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Unilateral Quadriceps Strengthening With Disinhibitory Cryotherapy and Quadriceps Symmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament 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