{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:31:16Z","timestamp":1771468276747,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent studies suggest the prophylactic use of low-powered laser\/light has ergogenic effects on athletic performance and postactivity recovery. Manufacturers of high-powered lasers\/light devices claim that these can produce the same clinical benefits with increased power and decreased irradiation time; however, research with high-powered lasers is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the magnitude of observed phototherapeutic effects with 3 commercially available devices.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Forty healthy untrained male participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention(s):\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants were randomized into 4 groups: placebo, high-powered continuous laser\/light, low-powered continuous laser\/light, or low-powered pulsed laser\/light (comprising both lasers and light-emitting diodes). A single dose of 180 J or placebo was applied to the quadriceps.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maximum voluntary contraction, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and creatine kinase (CK) activity from baseline to 96 hours after the eccentric exercise protocol.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maximum voluntary contraction was maintained in the low-powered pulsed laser\/light group compared with placebo and high-powered continuous laser\/light groups in all time points (P &amp;lt; .05). Low-powered pulsed laser\/light demonstrated less DOMS than all groups at all time points (P &amp;lt; .05). High-powered continuous laser\/light did not demonstrate any positive effects on maximum voluntary contraction, CK activity, or DOMS compared with any group at any time point. Creatine kinase activity was decreased in low-powered pulsed laser\/light compared with placebo (P &amp;lt; .05) and high-powered continuous laser\/light (P &amp;lt; .05) at all time points. High-powered continuous laser\/light resulted in increased CK activity compared with placebo from 1 to 24 hours (P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Low-powered pulsed laser\/light demonstrated better results than either low-powered continuous laser\/light or high-powered continuous laser\/light in all outcome measures when compared with placebo. The increase in CK activity using the high-powered continuous laser\/light compared with placebo warrants further research to investigate its effect on other factors related to muscle damage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.2.09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T18:22:06Z","timestamp":1490034126000},"page":"429-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Phototherapy for Improvement of Performance and Exercise Recovery: Comparison of 3 Commercially Available Devices"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Thiago","family":"De Marchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Mazzochi","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Dan\u00fabia da Silva Fabro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa Lopes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Sene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Tairova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirian","family":"Salvador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2020060411351740300_i1062-6050-52-5-429-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636100-00006","article-title":"Central fatigue: the serotonin hypothesis and beyond","volume":"36","author":"Meeusen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020060411351740300_i1062-6050-52-5-429-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410802104912","article-title":"The effect of recovery strategies on physical performance and cumulative fatigue in competitive basketball","volume":"26","author":"Montgomery","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411351740300_i1062-6050-52-5-429-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.023754","article-title":"Changes in exercise characteristics, maximal voluntary contraction, and explosive strength during prolonged tennis playing","volume":"40","author":"Girard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411351740300_i1062-6050-52-5-429-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2165\/11586070-000000000-00000","article-title":"Interactive processes link the multiple symptoms of fatigue in sport competition","volume":"41","author":"Knicker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020060411351740300_i1062-6050-52-5-429-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181a5bc44","article-title":"Power output and electromyographic activity during and after a moderate load muscular endurance session","volume":"24","author":"Smilios","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411351740300_i1062-6050-52-5-429-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.1.12","article-title":"Does phototherapy enhance skeletal muscle contractile function and postexercise recovery? 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