{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:26:10Z","timestamp":1790393170198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One of the major concerns after an acute lateral ankle sprain is the potential for development of chronic ankle instability (CAI). The existing research has determined that clinician-delivered plantar massage improves postural control in those with CAI. However, the effectiveness of self-administered treatments and the underlying cause of any improvements remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine (1) the effectiveness of a self-administered plantar-massage treatment in those with CAI and (2) whether the postural-control improvements were due to the stimulation of the plantar cutaneous receptors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>University setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 20 physically active individuals (6 men and 14 women) with self-reported CAI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention(s):\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All participants completed 3 test sessions involving 3 treatments: a clinician-delivered manual plantar massage, a patient-delivered self-massage with a ball, and a clinician-delivered sensory brush massage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postural control was assessed using single-legged balance with eyes open and the Star Excursion Balance Test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Static postural control improved (P \u2264 .014) after each of the interventions. However, no changes in dynamic postural control after any of the interventions were observed (P &amp;gt; .05). No differences were observed between a clinician-delivered manual plantar massage and either a patient-delivered self-massage with a ball or a clinician-delivered sensory brush massage in any postural-control outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In those with CAI, single 5-minute sessions of traditional plantar massage, self-administered massage, and sensory brush massage each resulted in comparable static postural-control improvements. The results also provide empirical evidence suggesting that the mechanism for the postural-control improvements is the stimulation of the plantar cutaneous receptors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.4.02","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T14:26:32Z","timestamp":1500474392000},"page":"629-635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Comparative Effectiveness of Plantar-Massage Techniques on Postural Control in Those With Chronic Ankle Instability"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Erik A.","family":"Wikstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeongtak","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Lea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University, Tallahassee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastassia","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b01","first-page":"364","article-title":"Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability","volume":"37","author":"Hertel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.3.05","article-title":"Physical activity levels in college students with chronic ankle instability","volume":"50","author":"Hubbard-Turner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.011676","article-title":"Long term outcomes of inversion ankle injuries","volume":"39","author":"Anandacoomarasamy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505281813","article-title":"Ligamentous posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"34","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2008.03.006","article-title":"Sensorimotor deficits with ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability","volume":"27","author":"Hertel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0043-z","article-title":"Understanding and treating lateral ankle sprains and their consequences: a constraints-based approach","volume":"43","author":"Wikstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182390212","article-title":"Plantar vibrotactile detection deficits in adults with chronic ankle instability","volume":"44","author":"Hoch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000074","article-title":"Plantar cutaneous sensitivity and balance in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"24","author":"Powell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2016.6351","article-title":"Plantar cutaneous sensitivity with and without cognitive loading in people with chronic ankle instability, copers, and uninjured controls","volume":"46","author":"Burcal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318196cbc6","article-title":"Balance capabilities after lateral ankle trauma and intervention: a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Wikstrom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.3.305","article-title":"Systematic review of postural control and lateral ankle instability, part II: is balance training clinically effective?","volume":"43","author":"McKeon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b12","first-page":"310","article-title":"Effects of strength training on strength development and joint position sense in functionally unstable ankles","volume":"33","author":"Docherty","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2014.12.001","article-title":"Supervised rehabilitation versus home exercise in the treatment of acute ankle sprains: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Feger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3928\/19425864-20120731-02","article-title":"Massage for postural control in individuals with chronic ankle instability","volume":"4","author":"LeClaire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Athl Train Sports Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21256","article-title":"Joint mobilization improves spatiotemporal postural control and range of motion in those with chronic ankle instability","volume":"29","author":"Hoch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-4-47","article-title":"Enhanced balance associated with coordination training with stochastic resonance stimulation in subjects with functional ankle instability: an experimental trial","volume":"4","author":"Ross","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.14","article-title":"Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium","volume":"49","author":"Gribble","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.2.179","article-title":"Validity of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure in athletes with chronic ankle instability","volume":"43","author":"Carcia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801586","article-title":"Determining the amount of physical activity needed for long-term weight control","volume":"25","author":"Wier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.07.011","article-title":"Balance assessments for predicting functional ankle instability and stable ankles","volume":"34","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181872d89","article-title":"Balance measures for discriminating between functionally unstable and stable ankles","volume":"41","author":"Ross","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.22.1.67","article-title":"Time-to-boundary measures of postural control during single leg quiet standing","volume":"22","author":"Hertel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2010.07.002","article-title":"Between-session reliability of the star excursion balance test","volume":"11","author":"Munro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000859","article-title":"Sensory-targeted ankle rehabilitation strategies for chronic ankle instability","volume":"48","author":"McKeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22150","article-title":"Two-week joint mobilization intervention improves self-reported function, range of motion, and dynamic balance in those with chronic ankle instability","volume":"30","author":"Hoch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.935877","article-title":"Lomas Vega R, Osuna-Perez MC, Hita-Contreras F, Martinez-Amat A. Effects of joint mobilization on chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Cruz-Diaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.3.12","article-title":"Customized noise-stimulation intensity for bipedal stability and unipedal balance deficits associated with functional ankle instability","volume":"48","author":"Ross","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3928\/19425864-20100226-08","article-title":"Integrating contemporary models of motor control and health in chronic ankle instability: a review of the literature","volume":"2","author":"Hoch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Athl Train Sports Health Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.2.103","article-title":"Ankle injuries in basketball: injury rate and risk factors","volume":"35","author":"McKay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02712-8","article-title":"The role of plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the control of compensatory stepping reactions evoked by unpredictable, multi-directional perturbation","volume":"877","author":"Perry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000495220.39768.26","article-title":"The effects of 2 weeks of sensory-targeted ankle rehabilitation strategies on single limb center of pressure velocity in those with chronic ankle instability","volume":"46","author":"Wikstrom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000495557.10424.35","article-title":"The immediate effects of sensory-targeted ankle rehabilitation strategies on instrumented single limb balance in those with chronic ankle instability","volume":"46","author":"McKeon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3175-8","article-title":"The effect of extended wake on postural control in young adults","volume":"221","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411494048100_i1062-6050-52-7-629-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.409","article-title":"The influence of time of day on static and dynamic postural control in normal adults","volume":"26","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/52\/7\/629\/1459417\/1062-6050-52_4_02.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/52\/7\/629\/1459417\/1062-6050-52_4_02.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:57:38Z","timestamp":1749668258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/52\/7\/article-p629.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-52.4.02","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]}}}