{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T04:14:03Z","timestamp":1749701643696,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deficits in both balance and oculomotor function, including impairments in saccadic eye movements, are observed in approximately 30% of patients postconcussion. Whereas balance and saccadic eye movements are routinely assessed separately, growing evidence suggests that they should be assessed concurrently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare balance measures and saccades between adolescents 1 to 3 months postconcussion and healthy uninjured adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case-control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concussion clinic and 2 private schools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-five adolescents (10 boys, 15 girls; median [interquartile range (IQR)] age = 14 years [11.5\u201316 years]) between 1 and 3 months postconcussion (median [IQR] time since injury = 39.5 days [30\u201356.75 days]) and 33 uninjured adolescents (18 boys, 15 girls; median [IQR] age = 13 years [11.5\u201314 years]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>The center-of-pressure 95% ellipse area and medial-lateral and anterior-posterior velocity and the number of saccades in the dual-task balance conditions including a high cognitive load (cognitive condition), a low cognitive load and a gaze-shifting component (visual condition) or both a high cognitive load and a gaze-shifting component (combined condition).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concussion-group participants swayed over larger center-of-pressure ellipse areas in the visual (P = .02; effect size = 0.73) and combined (P = .005; effect size = 0.86) conditions but not in the cognitive condition (P = .07; effect size = 0.50). No group differences were identified for anterior-posterior (F1,56 = 2.57, P = .12) or medial-lateral (F1,56 = 0.157, P = .69) velocity. Concussion-group participants also did not perform more saccades than the control-group participants (F1,56 = 2.04, P = .16).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Performing dual-task balance conditions for which the secondary task involved a gaze-shifting component or both a gaze-shifting component and a high cognitive load resulted in greater sway amplitude in adolescents with concussion. However, these larger amounts of postural sway were not associated with increased saccadic eye movements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-548-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T18:58:36Z","timestamp":1585335516000},"page":"475-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Balance Markers and Saccadic Eye-Movement Measures in Adolescents With Postconcussion Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Coralie","family":"Rochefort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Legace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chadwick","family":"Boulay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Macartney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada"},{"name":"Concussion Clinic, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Goulet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Concussion Clinic, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Zemek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Sveistrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute and School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e374","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0925","article-title":"Epidemiology of postconcussion syndrome in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"126","author":"Barlow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"pt 2","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.2.329","article-title":"Brain activation during maintenance of standing postures in humans","volume":"122","author":"Ouchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.883824","article-title":"Postural sway and rhythmic electroencephalography analysis of cortical activation during eight balance training tasks","volume":"19","author":"Tse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.32","article-title":"Reliability and validity evidence of multiple balance assessments in athletes with a concussion","volume":"49","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b06","first-page":"263","article-title":"Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes","volume":"36","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b07","first-page":"19","article-title":"Effects of mild head injury on postural stability as measured through clinical balance testing","volume":"35","author":"Riemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.11.010","article-title":"Tracking postural stability of young concussion patients using dual-task interference","volume":"18","author":"Dorman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967117695507","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117695507","article-title":"Balance markers in adolescents at 1 month postconcussion","volume":"5","author":"Rochefort","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815594367","article-title":"Vision diagnoses are common after concussion in adolescents","volume":"55","author":"Master","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000036","article-title":"Differential eye movements in mild traumatic brain injury versus normal controls","volume":"30","author":"Cifu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)40067-2","article-title":"Saccade sequences as markers for cerebral dysfunction following mild closed head injury","volume":"140","author":"Heitger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2006-21103","article-title":"Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury","volume":"21","author":"Ciuffreda","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.888761","article-title":"Versional eye tracking in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): effects of oculomotor training (OMT)","volume":"28","author":"Thiagarajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2372-x","article-title":"Postural control in strabismic children versus non strabismic age-matched children","volume":"251","author":"Lions","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81066","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081066","article-title":"Saccades improve postural control: a developmental study in normal children","volume":"8","author":"Ajrezo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acu014","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the Postconcussion Symptom Inventory in children and adolescents","volume":"29","author":"Sady","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1208","DOI":"10.3390\/s16081208","article-title":"Preprocessing the Nintendo Wii board signal to derive more accurate descriptors of statokinesigrams","volume":"16","author":"Audiffren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2003.09.003","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the Stroop Color and Word Test with children","volume":"19","author":"Homack","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.015","article-title":"Dual-task effect on gait balance control in adolescents with concussion","volume":"94","author":"Howell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-8-8","article-title":"The effects of attention capacity on dynamic balance control following concussion","volume":"8","author":"Catena","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.04.002","article-title":"Methodological and interpretive issues in posture-cognition dual-tasking in upright stance","volume":"27","author":"Fraizer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210902816461","article-title":"Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search","volume":"62","author":"Rayner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol (Hove)"},{"key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b24","unstructured":"Purves D , AugustineGJ, FitzpatrickD, HallWC, LamantiaAS, WhiteL. Neuroscience. 5th ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates Inc;2011:309."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060504211350300_i1062-6050-55-5-475-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1374469","article-title":"Validity of low-resolution eye-tracking to assess eye movements during a rapid number naming task: performance of the EyeTribe eye tracker","volume":"32","author":"Raynowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Inj"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/55\/5\/475\/2497906\/1062-6050-548-18.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/55\/5\/475\/2497906\/1062-6050-548-18.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:50:22Z","timestamp":1749667822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/55\/5\/article-p475.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-548-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1062-6050"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]}}}