{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:28:27Z","timestamp":1787030907285,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Researchers have identified sex differences in sport-related concussion incidence and recovery time; however, few have examined sex differences in specific recovery trajectories: time to symptom resolution, return to academics, and return to athletic activity across collegiate sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine sex differences in sport-related concussion recovery trajectories across a number of club and varsity sports with different levels of contact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collegiate varsity and club sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sport-related concussions sustained by student-athletes (n = 1974; women = 38.8%) participating in Ivy League sports were monitored between 2013\u20132014 and 2018\u20132019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletic trainers collected concussive injury and recovery characteristics as part of the Ivy League\u2013Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study's surveillance system. Time to symptom resolution, return to academics, and return to limited and full sport participation were collected. Survival analyses determined the time from injury to each recovery outcome for male and female athletes by sport. Peto tests were used to compare recovery outcomes between men's and women's sports and by sport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median (interquartile range [IQR]) was 9 days (IQR = 4\u201318 days) for time to symptom resolution overall, 8 days (IQR = 3\u201315 days) for return to academics, 12 days (IQR = 8\u201323 days) for return to limited sport participation, and 16 days (IQR = 10\u201329 days) for return to full sport participation. We observed differences overall between sexes for median time to symptom resolution (men = 8 days [IQR = 4\u201317 days], women = 9 days [IQR = 5\u201320 days]; P = .03) and return to academics (men = 7 days [IQR = 3\u201314 days], women = 9 days [IQR = 4\u201317 days]; P &amp;lt; .001) but not for median time to return to athletics (limited sport participation: P = .12, full sport participation: P = .58). Within-sport comparisons showed that women's lacrosse athletes had longer symptom resolution (P = .03) and return to academics (P = .04) compared with men's lacrosse athletes, whereas men's volleyball athletes took longer to return to limited (P = .02) and full (P = .049) sport participation than women's volleyball athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recovery timelines between sexes were different. Athletes in women's sports experienced longer symptom durations and time to return to academics compared with men's sports, but athletes in men's and women's sports presented similar timelines for return to athletics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/601-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T14:30:26Z","timestamp":1614177026000},"page":"678-687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Clinical Recovery Timelines After Sport-Related Concussion in Men's and Women's Collegiate Sports"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Abigail C.","family":"Bretzin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Esopenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020Departments of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette A.","family":"D'Alonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022092821524678300_i1938-162X-57-7-678-b01","unstructured":"Hootman\n              JM,\n            \n            \n              Dick\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Agel\n              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