{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:56:34Z","timestamp":1787774194837,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Korean Diabetes Association","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-dmj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metab J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The mortality of sepsis without direct drugs is high. The association between prediabetes, based on a single fasting glucose (FG), or long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sepsis remains unclear.Methods: Of the adults aged \u226520 years who were included in the National Health Screening Program (NHSP) in 2009, 40% were randomly sampled. After excluding patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, with missing information, and who were diagnosed with sepsis during the wash-out (between 2001 and the NHSP) or 1-year lag period, a cohort comprised of 3,863,323 examinees. Body mass index (BMI) measurements, FG tests, and self-reported questionnaires on health-related behaviors were conducted. Individual information was followed up until 2020 and censored upon the first occurrence of sepsis or death. The incidence of sepsis was compared using a multivariable regression adjusted for age, sex, income, BMI, smoking, drinking, physical activity levels, and chronic diseases.Results: The cohort was divided into those with normal FG (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt;=2,675,476), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt;=890,402, 23.0%), T2DM &lt;5 years (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt;=212,391, 5.5%), or T2DM for \u22655 years (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt;=85,054, 2.2%). The groups with IFG (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.05), T2DM &lt;5 years (aHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.40 to 1.47), and T2DM for \u22655 years (aHR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.77 to 1.87) exhibited significantly higher incidence of sepsis (P&lt;0.001), with the greatest risk in patients with T2DM aged &lt;40 years (aHR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.71 to 2.25).Conclusion: Patients with long-standing and young-onset T2DM show a substantially high risk of sepsis, emphasizing the need for infection prevention and vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2024.0387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T08:06:21Z","timestamp":1739779581000},"page":"485-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4093\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Connection between Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sepsis: A 10-Year Observational Data from the National Health Screening Cohort"],"prefix":"10.4093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1182-1977","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eun Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu-na","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yebin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6096-1263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyung Do","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4278-5198","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang Hoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2567","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2021-002122"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109118"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1845-1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01582"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.678771"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1541","volume-title":"Diabetes, glycemic control, and risk of hospitalization with pneumonia: a population-based case-control study","author":"Kornum","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1778"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0287"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2131"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050152"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"801","volume-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3)","author":"Singer","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Severe sepsis and septic shock trials (ProCESS, ARISE, ProMISe): what is optimal resuscitation?","author":"Osborn","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1288-3"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201810128"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx049"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1050"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"799","volume-title":"Data resource profile: the national health information database of the national health insurance service in South Korea","author":"Seong","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2017.32.5.718"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016640"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04013-0"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"S20","volume-title":"2. 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