{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:16:14Z","timestamp":1792167374300,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Korean Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002632","name":"Hallym University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HURF-2022-52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HURF-2022-52"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-dmj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metab J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) has been linked to the risk of various vascular diseases, but the association between remnant-C and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear.Methods: Using a nationwide cohort, a total of 2,537,149 patients with T2DM without ESRD, who had participated in the national health screening in 2009, were enrolled and followed up until 2020. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were assessed by the Martin-Hopkins method, and remnant-C was calculated as total cholesterol\u2013LDL-C\u2013high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Results: During a median follow-up period of 10.3 years, 26,246 patients with T2DM (1.03%) developed ESRD. Participants in the upper quartile of remnant-C had a higher risk of ESRD, with hazard ratios of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.17), 1.20 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.24), and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.26 to 1.41) in the second, third, and fourth quartile, compared with the lowest quartile, in multivariable-adjusted analyses. The positive association between remnant-C and ESRD remained consistent, irrespective of age, sex, presence of pre-existing comorbidities, and use of anti-dyslipidemic medications. The increased risk of ESRD was more pronounced in high-risk subgroups, including those with hypertension, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and a longer duration of diabetes.Conclusion: These findings suggest that remnant-C profiles in T2DM have a predictive role for future progression of ESRD, independent of traditional risk factors for renal dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2024.0406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T03:49:21Z","timestamp":1747799361000},"page":"1106-1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4093\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Remnant Cholesterol on the Risk for End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.4093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8413-5006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eun","family":"Roh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5445-8007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji Hye","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Na","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-0643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyung-Do","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9523-7251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun Goo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hee","family":"Ihm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2567","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1913"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)32064-5"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e295"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01667-6"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46686-x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.121.037756"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.012"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Remnant cholesterol is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study","author":"Huh","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0067"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.09916.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2006091006"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2014.38.5.395"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2022.0193"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280532"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"2712","volume-title":"Remnant cholesterol, not LDL cholesterol, is associated with incident cardiovascular disease","author":"Castaner","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2020.0156"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26964-8"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215687"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes21022"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00004"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01907-5"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01984-4"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108585"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13298"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.51"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.113.003008"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.913869"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.12.007"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab551"}],"container-title":["Diabetes &amp; 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