{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:54:36Z","timestamp":1788972876123,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Korean Diabetes Association","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019265","name":"Yuhan Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korean Endocrine Society Bid Data Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-dmj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metab J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"Background: In this study, we aimed to determine the metabolic characteristics and changes in the early stages of young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (YOD) in Koreans.Methods: From the Anam Diabetes Observational Study cohort (2017\u20132023), the characteristics of newly diagnosed YOD (<40 years of age, <i>n<\/i>=39) and later-onset (\u226540 years of age) type 2 diabetes mellitus (LOD, <i>n<\/i>=178) were compared at diagnosis and 1 year later. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at diagnosis and annually thereafter. \u03b2-Cell function was determined using the disposition index (DI), calculated as the insulinogenic index\u00d7Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Insulin sensitivity was determined using ISI and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR).Results: Mean (\u00b1standard deviation) age of individuals with YOD was 29.8\u00b16.4 years, and 76.9% were male. YOD patients had higher body mass index (29.8 kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup> vs. 27.2 kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup>, <i><i>P<\/i><\/i>=0.020), fat mass (30.5 kg vs. 24.1 kg, <i><i>P<\/i><\/i>=0.011), fatty liver index (65.4 vs. 49.2, <i><i>P<\/i><\/i>=0.005), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level at diagnosis (9.3% vs. 7.7%, <i>P<\/i><0.001) compared with LOD patients. YOD patients exhibited lower insulin sensitivity (ISI: 2.79 vs. 3.26, <i><i>P<\/i><\/i>=0.008; HOMA2-IR: 2.72 vs. 1.83, <i>P<\/i><0.001) and \u03b2-cell function (DI) at diagnosis (0.41 vs. 0.72, <i><i>P<\/i><\/i>=0.003) than LOD patients. Following 1 year of treatment, DI improved by 94% in YOD along with improvement in HbA1c; however, it was still significantly lower than that of LOD (0.64 vs. 0.90, <i><i>P<\/i><\/i>=0.017).Conclusion: Individuals with YOD have unfavorable metabolic characteristics, substantially reduced insulin sensitivity, and decompensated \u03b2-cell function at disease onset, which persist even after treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2024.0601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T03:49:21Z","timestamp":1747799361000},"page":"1287-1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4093\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Beta-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Metabolic Characteristics in Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from Anam Diabetes Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.4093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6626-2124","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0161-8454","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiyoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sin Gon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9926-1344","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nam Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2567","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(17)30186-9"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(23)00225-5"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"2999","volume-title":"Complications in young adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes: losing the relative protection of youth","author":"Hillier","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.4.421"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08305-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.43918"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1522","volume-title":"Characteristics of an adult population with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: the relation of obesity and age of 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