{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:12:44Z","timestamp":1788275564896,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Korean Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00239122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00239122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-dmj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metab J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between adiponectin levels and the incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to explore the predictive value of adiponectin in the onset of these conditions.Methods: A 17-year follow-up of 35,026 individuals from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II biobank cohort (2004\u20132021) was conducted. Adiponectin levels were categorized into quintiles. Outcomes were defined as: NAFLD (10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10] K76.0); MASLD (K76.0 with cardiometabolic factors); NAFLD&lt;sup&gt;-cardiometabolic&lt;\/sup&gt; (K76.0 without cardiometabolic factors); and non-steatotic liver disease. The cause-specific Cox model accounted for death as a competing risk, with interaction terms for non-proportional hazards.Results: Our findings indicated a heightened risk of MASLD in individuals in low adiponectin groups. Hazard ratios (HRs) for different adiponectin levels, using Gadipo 5 (\u226517.21 \u03bcg\/mL) as the reference, were: Gadipo 1, HR 3.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08 to 4.92); Gadipo 2, HR 2.45 (95% CI, 1.59 to 3.76); Gadipo 3, HR 2.02 (95% CI, 1.32 to 3.11); and Gadipo 4, HR 1.59 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.46). These associations remained consistent across outcomes and models. Sex stratification revealed a stronger association among females. Furthermore, lower adiponectin levels were associated with increased MASLD and NAFLD risk. Similar associations were also observed in individuals with NAFLD&lt;sup&gt;-cardiometabolic&lt;\/sup&gt;, indicating consistency across subtypes.Conclusion: Different adiponectin levels revealed distinct risks. This study emphasizes adiponectin\u2019s potential as a predictive indicator of MASLD and NAFLD, stressing the need for further investigation across diverse demographic groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2025.0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T07:53:36Z","timestamp":1757318016000},"page":"331-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4093\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adiponectin as a Predictor of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A 17-Year Korean Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.4093","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-3136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yeun Soo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Soo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4526-0570","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heejin","family":"Kimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keum Ji","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Woo","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunmi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Ha","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2567","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.06.003"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.04086.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32511-3"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.349"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","author":"Kim","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.013"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.18-3-245"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2023.101506"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1966","volume-title":"A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","author":"Rinella","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Bigdata open portal"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/90984"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.20.6.1595"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1480293"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.831"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i6.802"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2019.1661496"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10021"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-012-0227-0"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32047"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"389","volume-title":"Lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Lean-NAFLD): a major cause of cryptogenic liver disease","author":"Vos","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd18-0026"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237974"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2013.37.4.252"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx226"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"370","volume-title":"How to define obesity? 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