{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T02:46:54Z","timestamp":1772851614599,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Korean Society of Anesthesiologists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ekja.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Anesthesiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The association between preoperative anemia and postoperative delirium (POD) is unclear. We sought to evaluate the effect of preoperative anemia on the risk of POD in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 62\u2009600 patients aged over 60 years undergoing non-cardiac surgery between January 2011 and June 2019. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of preoperative anemia defined as hemoglobin &lt; 13 g\/dl for men and &lt; 12 g\/dl for women. Anemia was further categorized into mild or moderate-to-severe anemia based on a cutoff of 11 g\/dl. The primary outcome was POD within 7 days after surgery. The secondary outcomes included one- and three-year mortality after surgery. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used to adjust for confounders between the two groups.Results: The overall incidence of POD was 3.9% (2447\/62\u2009600) within 7 days after surgery. After IPTW, preoperative anemia was significantly associated with increased risk of POD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.42, 95% CI [1.30\u22121.55], P &lt; 0.001). Also, the risk of POD increased with the severity of anemia (OR: 1.32, 95% CI [1.18\u22121.47], P &lt; 0.001 for mild anemia; and OR: 1.70, 95% CI [1.50\u22121.93], P &lt; 0.001 for moderate-to-severe anemia). This association was similar for one- and three-year mortality.Conclusions: Preoperative anemia was associated with an increased risk of POD in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery. Further investigations are required to verify whether preoperative anemia is a modifiable risk factor for POD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.24701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T20:04:22Z","timestamp":1744056262000},"page":"462-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4097\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between preoperative anemia and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.4097","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8076-5104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ah 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