{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:28:36Z","timestamp":1787030916831,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Korean Society of Anesthesiologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ekja.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Anesthesiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the rhomboid intercostal plane (RIP) and serratus anterior plane (SAP) blocks at enhancing respiratory function in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy (MRM).Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to the block or control group. The block group received RIP and SAP blocks (20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine each), whereas the control group received no block. The primary outcome was forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 2 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1\/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% (FEF25-75), pain scores, and opioid requirements.Results: The block and control groups had similar FEV1 values (1.80 \u00b1 0.51 vs. 1.74 \u00b1 0.49, P = 0.659) and FEV1\/FVC ratios at 2 h. The block group had higher FVC values at 6 h (2.21 \u00b1 0.76 vs. 1.87 \u00b1 0.48, P = 0.034) and 24 h (2.35 \u00b1 0.65 vs. 1.97 \u00b1 0.53, P = 0.014) and higher PEF and FEF25-75 values at 24 h. Pain scores were lower in the block group at all time points, and opioid consumption was higher in the control group during the first 6 h. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was similar.Conclusions: This study failed to demonstrate a significant difference in FEV1 values; however, improvements in FVC, PEF, and FEF25-75 indicated a potential positive impact on respiratory function, and combining the RIP and SAP blocks after MRM led to lower pain scores and decreased opioid consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.25150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T04:45:01Z","timestamp":1750913101000},"page":"104-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4097\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of ultrasound-guided rhomboid intercostal and serratus anterior plane blocks on respiratory function after modified radical mastectomy: a randomized controlled 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