{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T11:46:11Z","timestamp":1793619971267,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["African Journal of Laboratory Medicine"],"DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v12i1.2225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T06:44:12Z","timestamp":1702622652000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Bridging the gaps in newborn screening programmes: Challenges and opportunities to detect haemoglobinopathies in Africa"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Seth","family":"Twum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwadwo","family":"Fosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin A.","family":"Felder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwabena A.N.","family":"Sarpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mulumba LL, Wilson L. Sickle cell disease among children in Africa: An integrative literature review and global recommendations. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2015;3:56-64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijans.2015.08.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2015.08.002"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fattoum S. Evolution of hemoglobinopathy prevention in Africa: Results, problems and prospect. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2009;1(1):e2009005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4084\/MJHID.2009.005","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2009.005"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2197-2223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lobitz S, Elion J, Colombatti R, Cela E. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease and other haemoglobinopathies [homepage on the Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Mar 19]. Available from: http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/journal\/ijns","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns5040036"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Makani J, Ofori-Acquah SF, Nnodu O, Wonkam A, Ohene-Frempong K. Sickle cell disease: New opportunities and challenges in Africa. Sci. World J. 2013;2013:193252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/193252","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/193252"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tshilolo L, Tomlinson G, Williams TN, et al. Hydroxyurea for children with sickle cell anemia in sub-Saharan Africa. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):121-131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1813598","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1813598"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thaker P, Colah RB, Patel J, et al. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease among tribal populations in the states of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India: Evaluation and outcome over 6 years. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;8:731884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.731884","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.731884"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. African health ministers launch drive to curb sickle cell disease toll [homepage on the Internet]. WHO, Regional Office for Africa. [cited 2023 Aug 23]. Available from: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/african-health-ministers-launch-drive-curb-sickle-cell-disease-toll"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wonkam A, Makani J. Sickle cell disease in Africa: An urgent need for longitudinal cohort studies. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(10):e1310-e1311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30364-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30364-X"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tshilolo L, Kafando E, Sawadogo M, et al. Neonatal screening and clinical care programmes for sickle cell disorders in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from pilot studies. Public Health. 2008;122(9):933-941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.12.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.12.005"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ranque B, Kitenge R, Doucoure Ndiaye D, et al. Estimating the risk of infant and juvenile mortality attributable to sickle cell anemia in sub-Saharan Africa: A case control study. 2022;9(3):E208-E216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00004-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00004-7"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grosse SD, Odame I, Atrash HK, Amendah DD, Piel FB, Williams TN. Sickle cell disease in Africa: A neglected cause of early childhood mortality. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(6 SUPPL.4):S398-S405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.09.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.09.013"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Sickle-cell disease: A strategy for the WHO African Region Report of the Regional Director. Geneva: WHO; 2010."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weatherall DJ. The challenge of haemoglobinopathies in resource-poor countries. Br J Haematol. 2011;154(6):736-744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08742.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08742.x"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kanter J. Point-of-care testing in sickle cell disease. In: Inusa BPD, editor. Sickle cell disease - Pain and common chronic complications. London: InTech; 2016. Available from: http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/5318","DOI":"10.5772\/64862"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bond M, Hunt B, Flynn B, Huhtinen P, Ware R, Richards-Kortum R. Towards a point-of-care strip test to diagnose sickle cell anemia. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177732","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177732"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goonasekera HW, Paththinige CS, Dissanayake VHW. Population screening for hemoglobinopathies. Annu Rev Genom Hum Genet. 2018;19:355-380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-genom-091416-035451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-091416-035451"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hsu L, Nnodu OE, Brown BJ, et al. White paper: Pathways to progress in newborn screening for sickle cell disease in sub-Saharan Africa. J Trop Dis Public Health [serial online]. 2018;6(2). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30505949\/","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-891X.1000260"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paintsil V, Amuzu EX, Nyanor I, et al. Establishing a sickle cell disease registry in Africa: Experience from the Sickle Pan-African Research Consortium, Kumasi-Ghana. Front Genet. 2022;13:802355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.802355","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.802355"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Archer NM, Inusa B, Makani J, et al. Enablers and barriers to newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Africa: Results from a qualitative study involving programmes in six countries. BMJ Open. 2022;12(3):e057623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057623","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057623"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kamal SM, Fouad AM. Hepatitis C infection in patients with hemoglobinopathies. In: Kamal S, editor., Hepatitis C in Developing Countries. London: Elsevier. 2018; p. 177-190.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803233-6.00014-X"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anwar WA, Khyatti M, Hemminki K. Consanguinity and genetic diseases in North Africa and immigrants to Europe. Eur J Public Health. 2014;24(suppl_1):57-63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/cku104","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku104"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data & statistics on sickle cell disease [homepage on the Internet]. CDC; [cited 2023 Sep 01]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/sicklecell\/data.html"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arishi WA, Al-hadrami HA, Zourob M. Techniques for the detection of sickle cell disease: A review. Micromachines (Basel). 2021;12(5):519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mi12050519","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12050519"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000207187","article-title":"Hemoglobin Bart's in Northern Algeria","volume":"65","author":"Henni","year":"1981","unstructured":"Henni T, Bachir D, Tabone P, Jurdic P, Godet J, Colonna P. Hemoglobin Bart's in Northern Algeria. Acta Haematol. 1981;65(4):240-246.","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dokekias AE, Ocko Gokaba LT, Louokdom JS, et al. Neonatal screening for sickle cell disease in Congo. Anemia. 2022;2022:9970315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9970315","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9970315"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McGann PT, Ferris MG, Ramamurthy U, et al. A prospective newborn screening and treatment program for sickle cell anemia in Luanda, Angola. Am J Hematol. 2013;88(12):984-989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.23578","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23578"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katawandja AL, Nzengu-Lukusa F, Nzongola-Nkasu DK, Muepu LT. Neonatal screening for sickel cell disease in urban areas with limited resources: Case of Kindu City, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Open Access Libr. 2021;08(01):1-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/oalib.1107097","DOI":"10.4236\/oalib.1107097"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nkya S, Mtei L, Soka D, et al. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease: An innovative pilot program to improve child survival in Dares Salaam, Tanzania. Int Health. 2019;11(6):589-595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz028","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz028"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahimy MC, Gangbo A, Ahouignan G, Alihonou E. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in the Republic of Benin. J Clin Pathol. 2009;62(1):46-48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2008.059113","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.059113"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kafando E, Sawadogo M, Cotton F, Vertongen F, Gulbis B. Neonatal screening for sickle cell disorders in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A pilot study. J Med Screen [serial online]. 2005;12(3):112-114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/0969141054855300","DOI":"10.1258\/0969141054855300"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sack FFN, Njangtang DM, Chemegni BC, Djientcheu VdP. Prevalence of sickle cell disease in newborns in the Yaounde Central Hospital. J Med Res. 2017;3(6): 277-279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31254\/jmr.2017.3607","DOI":"10.31254\/jmr.2017.3607"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ragb S, Elrahim M, El Fotoh WM, Ibrahim RA. Screening of \u03b2-thalassemia carriers in high school students in Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate. Menoufia Med J. 2021;34(1):237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/mmj.mmj_358_19","DOI":"10.4103\/mmj.mmj_358_19"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ropero P, Molina L, Gonz\u00e1lez FA, Villegas A. Incidencia de la anemia de c\u00e9lulas falciformes en Guinea Ecuatorial. Med Clin (Barc). 2011;136(7):309-310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcli.2009.04.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2009.04.021"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martella M, Campeggio M, Pul\u00e8 G, et al. Distribution of HbS Allele and haplotypes in a multi-ethnic population of Guinea Bissau, West Africa: Implications for public health screening. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:826262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.826262","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.826262"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tegha G, Topazian HM, Kamthunzi P, et al. Prospective newborn screening for sickle cell disease and other inherited blood disorders in Central Malawi. Int J Public Health. 2021;66:629338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ijph.2021.629338","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2021.629338"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laghmich A, Alaoui Ismaili FZ, Barakat A, Ghailani Nourouti N, Khattab M, Bennani Mechita M. Alpha-Thalassemia in North Morocco: Prevalence and molecular spectrum. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:2080352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/2080352","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2080352"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wirth JP, Ansumana R, Woodruff BA, Koroma AS, Hodges MH. Association between sickle cell and \u03b2-thalassemia genes and hemoglobin concentration and anemia in children and non-pregnant women in Sierra Leone: Ancillary analysis of data from Sierra Leone's 2013 National Micronutrient Survey. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3143-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3143-x"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hajer S, Neila T, Sondess HF, et al. A lower-cost protocol for sickle cell disease neonatal screening in Tunisia. Ann Saudi Med. 2012;32(1):49-52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.49","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.49"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hernandez AG, Kiyaga C, Howard TA, et al. Operational analysis of the national sickle cell screening programme in the Republic of Uganda. Afr J Lab Med. 2021;10(1):a1303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ajlm.v10i1.1303","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v10i1.1303"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Segbefia CI, Goka B, Welbeck J, et al. Implementing newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra: Results and lessons learned. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021;68(7):e29068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.29068","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29068"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nnodu OE, Osei-Akoto A, Nembaware V, et al. Skills capacity building for health care services and research through the Sickle Pan African Research Consortium. Front Genet. 2022;13:805806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.805806","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.805806"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mcgann PT, Schaefer BA, Paniagua M, Howard TA, Ware RE. Characteristics of a rapid, point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay for the diagnosis of sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(2):205-210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.24232","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24232"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"St John A, Price CP. Existing and emerging technologies for point-of-care testing. Clin Biochem Rev. 2014;35(3):155."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Quinn CT, Paniagua MC, DiNello RK, Panchal A, Geisberg M. A rapid, inexpensive and disposable point-of-care blood test for sickle cell disease using novel, highly specific monoclonal antibodies. Br J Haematol. 2016;175(4):724-732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.14298","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14298"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adegoke SA, Oladimeji OI, Akinlosotu MA, Akinwumi AI, Matthew KA. HemoTypeSC point-of-care testing shows high sensitivity with alkaline cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis for screening hemoglobin SS and SC genotypes. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2022;44(3):341-345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.htct.2020.11.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2020.11.010"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bukini D, Nkya S, McCurdy S, et al. Perspectives on building sustainable newborn screening programs for sickle cell disease: Experience from Tanzania. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2021;7(1):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijns7010012","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns7010012"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uyoga S, George EC, Bates I, et al. Point-of-care haemoglobin testing in African hospitals: A neglected essential diagnostic test. Br J Haematol. 2021;193(5):894-901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.17431","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17431"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adatara P, Strumpher J, Ricks E, Mwini-Nyaledzigbor PP. Cultural beliefs and practices of women influencing home births in rural Northern Ghana. Int J Womens Health. 2019;11:353-361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJWH.S190402","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S190402"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fantaye AW, Gunawardena N, Yaya S. Preferences for formal and traditional sources of childbirth and postnatal care among women in rural Africa: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2019;14(9):e0222110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0222110","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222110"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buser JM, Bakari A, Seidu AA, et al. Stigma associated with sickle cell disease in Kumasi, Ghana. J Transcult Nurs. 2021;32(6):757-764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10436596211008216","DOI":"10.1177\/10436596211008216"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leger RR, Wagner LD, Odesina V. Stigma in adults with sickle cell disease and family members: Scale development and pilot study in the USA and Nigeria. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2018;9:23-29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijans.2018.06.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2018.06.003"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tusuubira SK, Nakayinga R, Mwambi B, Odda J, Kiconco S, Komuhangi A. Knowledge, perception and practices towards sickle cell disease: A community survey among adults in Lubaga division, Kampala Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5496-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5496-4"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Canatan D, Aydinok Y, Kilin\u00e7 Y, et al. Ulusal Talasemi \u00f6nleme Kampanyasi: Talotir Projesi. Turk J Hematol. 2013;30(1):91-92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/tjh.2012.0121","DOI":"10.4274\/tjh.2012.0121"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCormick M, Osei-Anto HA, Martinez RM. Addressing sickle cell disease. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2021.","DOI":"10.17226\/25632"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Green NS, Zapfel A, Nnodu OE, et al. The Consortium on Newborn Screening in Africa for sickle cell disease: Study rationale and methodology. Blood Adv. 2022;6(24):6187-6197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007698","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007698"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Therrell BL, Lloyd-Puryear MA, Ohene-Frempong K, et al. Empowering newborn screening programs in African countries through establishment of an international collaborative effort. J Community Genet. 2020;11(3):253-268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-020-00463-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-020-00463-7"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghosh K, Colah R, Manglani M, et al. Guidelines for screening, diagnosis and management of hemoglobinopathies. Indian J Hum Genet. 2014;20(2):101-119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0971-6866.142841","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6866.142841"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Odunvbun ME, Okolo AA, Rahimy CM. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in a Nigerian hospital. Public Health. 2008;122(10):1111-1116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.01.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.01.008"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ohene-Frempong K, Bonney A, Nkrumah F. 270 Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Ghana. Pediatr Res. 2005;58(2):401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203\/00006450-200508000-00299","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200508000-00299"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tshilolo L, Aissi LM, Lukusa D, et al. Neonatal screening for sickle cell anaemia in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Experience from a pioneer project on 31 204 newborns. J Clin Pathol. 2009;62(1):35-38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2008.058958","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.058958"}],"container-title":["African Journal of Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajlmonline.org\/index.php\/ajlm\/article\/viewFile\/2225\/2807","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ajlmonline.org\/index.php\/ajlm\/article\/viewFile\/2225\/2808","content-type":"application\/epub+zip","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ajlmonline.org\/index.php\/ajlm\/article\/viewFile\/2225\/2809","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ajlmonline.org\/index.php\/ajlm\/article\/viewFile\/2225\/2810","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ajlmonline.org\/index.php\/ajlm\/article\/viewFile\/2225\/2810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T07:44:52Z","timestamp":1744184692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ajlmonline.org\/index.php\/AJLM\/article\/view\/2225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ajlm.v12i1.2225","relation":{},"ISSN":["2225-2010","2225-2002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2225-2010","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2225-2002","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]}}}