{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:18:29Z","timestamp":1787908709786,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"AOSIS","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Afr. j. disabil."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The study was grounded in the recent developments of implementing the United Nations Convention on the Right of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in schools in Uganda, leading to a renewed interest in the questionings about inclusive education.Objectives: The inclusive approach was evaluated in terms of: (1) how public or private schools in Uganda understand inclusive education; (2) how schools implement inclusive education under the influence of the UN Convention; and (3) what determines the course of action and school routine of private and state schools.Methods: This exploratory qualitative research included interviews with six schools purposively selected in Mukono, Wakiso and Kampala districts of Central Uganda. The selected schools comprised three private and three state schools (i.e. representing primary and secondary schools and a vocational training institute).Results: The research demonstrated that \u2018inclusive education practice\u2019 that was upheld by all the schools, was ironically stained with exclusion, for example, by non-admission of students with visual and hearing impairment, inaccessible physical environment, inadequate funding and separation of students according to abilities. However, whilst all schools followed the regular curriculum, some schools developed their own ways of teaching learners with diverse learning needs.Conclusion: Some schools in Uganda have developed meaningful approaches of including students with disabilities but there are still many challenges for many. Enforcing Uganda\u2019s disability policies adapted from the CRPDs could enable learners with disabilities to enjoy their legal rights.Contribution: Since the intention of inclusion of students with disabilities stands in contrast to the reality of practice found in many schools, there seems to be a need to carry out regular assessments and measures of support for a sustainable inclusive school development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v11i0.908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T13:58:16Z","timestamp":1662127096000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Implementation of UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in public and private schools in three districts of Uganda"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1347-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elijah","family":"Musenyente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6441-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie L.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-8340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Knigge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0001","author":"African Union","year":"2014","journal-title":"An outlook on education report: Southern African development community"},{"key":"ref0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2019.1622800"},{"key":"ref0003","author":"Ballantine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schools and society: A sociological approach to education"},{"key":"ref0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33902\/JPR.2020060437"},{"key":"ref0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/soc10040074"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref0006","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Busetto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurological Research and Practice"},{"key":"ref0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12205"},{"key":"ref0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33043\/JOSEP.1.1.55-66"},{"key":"ref0009","author":"Disability Africa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kenya"},{"key":"ref0010","author":"Egard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Accessibility denied: Understanding inaccessibility and everyday resistance to inclusion for persons with disabilities"},{"key":"ref0011","author":"European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education (EASNIE)","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evidence of the link between inclusive education and social inclusion: Literature review"},{"key":"ref0012","first-page":"i","volume":"1","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opening Eyes"},{"key":"ref0013","author":"Grant","year":"2014","journal-title":"West meets East: Best practices from expert teachers in the U.S. and China"},{"key":"ref0014","author":"Hands 4 Uganda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Did you know: Education"},{"key":"ref0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2014.908965"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref0016","first-page":"42","volume":"2","author":"Harvey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Law & Policy"},{"key":"ref0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3768\/rtipress.2018.op.0052.1804"},{"key":"ref0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2020.1747555"},{"key":"ref0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ent022"},{"key":"ref0020","author":"Initiative for Social and Economic Rights (ISER)","year":"2015","journal-title":"Privatisation, discrimination and the right to education in Uganda"},{"key":"ref0021","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Essential best practices in inclusive schools"},{"key":"ref0022","author":"Kanter","year":"2015","journal-title":"The development of disability rights under international law: From charity to human rights"},{"key":"ref0023","author":"Khairuddin","year":"2018","journal-title":"The inclusion of deaf children in Malaysian primary schools: Experiences of parents, staff members and children"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref0024","first-page":"556","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Issues in Educational Research"},{"key":"ref0025","author":"Kompara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Communication challenges in inclusive education faced by deaf and non-deaf people"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref0026","first-page":"43","volume":"3","author":"Limaye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Global Education Review"},{"key":"ref0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6300-803-7"},{"key":"ref0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajcd.v67i1.649"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-623661091","volume":"41","author":"McDonnell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Educa\u00e7\u00e3o & Realidade, Porto Alegre"},{"key":"ref0030","author":"Ministry of Education and Sports (MOES)","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schools and institutions calendar"},{"key":"ref0031","author":"Ministry of Education and Sports (MOES)","year":"2017","journal-title":"Education and sports sector strategic plan 2017\u20132020"},{"key":"ref0032","author":"Ministry of Education and Sports (MOES)","year":"2018","journal-title":"Special needs and inclusive education department"},{"key":"ref0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alter.2012.08.010"},{"key":"ref0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2018.1482013"},{"key":"ref0035","author":"Mutebe","year":"2017","journal-title":"The government\u2019s role in private education in Uganda"},{"key":"ref0036","author":"Mwesigwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Guardian"},{"key":"ref0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/aad.2016.0033"},{"key":"ref0038","author":"Pellicano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Excluded from school: Autistic students\u2019 experiences of school exclusion and subsequent re-integration into school"},{"key":"ref0039","author":"Rapp","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Inclusive Education"},{"key":"ref0040","author":"Sarton","year":"2018","journal-title":"The challenge of inclusion for children with disabilities \u2013 Experiences of implementation in Eastern and Southern Africa"},{"key":"ref0041","author":"Schuelka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Implementing inclusive education. K4D helpdesk report"},{"key":"ref0042","first-page":"90","author":"Singer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Keywords in radical education"},{"key":"ref0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2017.1320269"},{"key":"ref0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2018.1444105"},{"key":"ref0045","author":"Tenny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qualitative study"},{"key":"ref0046","author":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics","year":"2019","journal-title":"Statstical Abstract"},{"key":"ref0047","author":"Uganda Persons with Disabilities Act (UPwDA)","year":"2020","journal-title":"Persons with Disabilities Act"},{"key":"ref0048","author":"United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD)","year":"2006","journal-title":"Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and optional protocol"},{"key":"ref0049","author":"United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD)","year":"2010","journal-title":"Uganda\u2019s Initial Status Report"},{"key":"ref0050","author":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)","year":"2005","journal-title":"Guidelines for inclusion: Ensuring access to education for all"},{"key":"ref0051","author":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)","year":"2009","journal-title":"Policy guidelines on inclusion in education"},{"key":"ref0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/2ddb782c-en","author":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Education Monitoring Report 2020: Inclusion and Education - All Means All"},{"key":"ref0053","author":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF)","year":"2015","journal-title":"The investment case for education and equity"},{"key":"ref0054","author":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF)","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inclusive education: Including children with disabilities in quality learning: What needs to be done?"},{"key":"ref0055","author":"United Nations","year":"2016","journal-title":"Concluding observations on the initial report of Uganda"},{"key":"ref0056","author":"United Nations Development Programme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human development reports: Uganda"},{"key":"ref0057","author":"United Nations Treaty Collection","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Rights"},{"key":"ref0058","author":"Watson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disability and human rights"},{"key":"ref0059","author":"Wolford","year":"2016","journal-title":"A school psychologist\u2019s guide to deafblindness: Identifying & supporting students with combined hearing-vision loss"},{"key":"ref0060","author":"World Atlas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maps of Uganda"},{"key":"ref0061","author":"World Bank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disability-inclusive education in Africa program"},{"key":"ref0062","author":"World Education Services (WES)","year":"2020","journal-title":"Education in Uganda"},{"key":"ref0063","author":"World Federation of the Deafblind (WFDB)","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Report 2018"},{"key":"ref0064","author":"Zubairi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Equitable financing of secondary education in sub-Saharan Africa"}],"container-title":["African Journal of Disability"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajod.org\/index.php\/ajod\/article\/viewFile\/908\/2025","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ajod.org\/index.php\/ajod\/article\/viewFile\/908\/2026","content-type":"application\/epub+zip","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ajod.org\/index.php\/ajod\/article\/viewFile\/908\/2027","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ajod.org\/index.php\/ajod\/article\/viewFile\/908\/2028","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ajod.org\/index.php\/ajod\/article\/viewFile\/908\/2028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T14:30:17Z","timestamp":1666967417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajod.org\/index.php\/ajod\/article\/view\/908"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ajod.v11i0.908","relation":{},"ISSN":["2226-7220","2223-9170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2226-7220","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2223-9170","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]}}}