{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:11:45Z","timestamp":1778760705037,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"0","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Even though adults with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are at risk of negative life outcomes, there is no published evidence of this in South Africa, which has the highest estimated FASD prevalence rate globally.\n\nObjectives:\u00a0The purpose of the study was to describe and compare the life outcomes of adults with FASD and adults without FASD in a South African rural community, 16 years after diagnosis.\n\nMethod:\u00a0Participants were examined and interviewed regarding their biographical information, knowledge of FASD, information on their family, relationships, home circumstances, education, work and medical history.\n\nResults:\u00a0Adults with FASD were less likely to be in a relationship and more likely to have poor educational outcomes and to be exposed to violence as victim or perpetrator than their peers who did not have FASD. None of the participants with FASD completed secondary school successfully. No differences were found for independent living, employment, health, substance use and legal outcomes, between the foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial foetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS) and control group.\n\nConclusion:\u00a0While significant differences existed in certain aspects, differences are not as stark as one would expect between individuals with FASD and controls.\n\nContribution:\u00a0This study highlights the importance of considering the social context in which a FASD diagnosis is made. The comparative negative impact of an FASD diagnosis and the associated challenges on life outcomes may be less pronounced in rural communities where everyone has fewer opportunities and resources. This can also make the unique needs of persons with disabilities less visible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v13i0.1386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T09:20:42Z","timestamp":1724664042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Life outcomes in adults living with FASD in a rural South African community: A follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1868-0502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandi","family":"Broodryk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Alcohol Related Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7812-2524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaco G.","family":"Louw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Alcohol Related Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7105-0772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie","family":"Acker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Alcohol Related Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9170-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis L.","family":"Viljoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Alcohol Related Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7456-7347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leana","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Alcohol Related Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheval\u00e8re, J., Cazenave, L., Wollast, R., Berthon, M., Martinez, R., Mazenod, V., Borion, M.C. et al., 2023, \u2018The influence of socioeconomic status, working memory and academic self-concept on academic achievement\u2019, European Journal of Psychology of Education 38(1), 287\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10212-022-00599-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10212-022-00599-9"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chudley, A.E. 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