{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:18:55Z","timestamp":1785421135890,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"0","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Spina bifida is a congenital neural tube defect, where there is incomplete formation of the spinal cord and vertebrae, resulting in abnormal development of the neural tube. This affects bladder function and urinary incontinence. Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC) is used to manage bladder and bowel management.\n\nObjectives:\u00a0This study aims to scope evidence on the facilitators and barriers to usage and practice of CIC in children with spina bifida in low-income countries.\n\nMethod:\u00a0We searched databases including PUBMED, Web of Science and SCOPUS, and screened articles for inclusion following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search terms included \u2018Spina Bifida ([continence management] AND [clean intermittent catheterisation]) AND ([barriers to Clean Intermittent Catheterisation] OR [Low Income Countries]) OR (myelomeningocele)\u2019. Full-text assessment for eligibility excluded 202 articles. Twenty-two articles were reviewed and twelve full-text articles were excluded because of limited content. Ten articles published in English between 2004 and 2023 were selected for review.\n\nResults:\u00a0Barriers in practicing CIC include pain and discomfort in catheter insertion, stigma and fears; inaccessibility of public toilets, unavailability of appropriate catheters, difficulty in positioning, limited quality of teaching and challenges with accessing supplies. Facilitators include starting CIC in infancy, follow-up by healthcare providers, support from family and community members, quality of training, continuous practice of CIC, utilisation of lubricants, reuse of catheters and other low-cost materials.\n\nConclusion:\u00a0Our review summarises facilitators and barriers to CIC and provides recommendations for further research, which includes the involvement of family members and community-based rehabilitation workers.\n\nContribution:\u00a0This article contributes to a better understanding of CIC use in low-income countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v13i0.1473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T09:42:13Z","timestamp":1732268533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Practice of clean intermittent catheterisation in children with spina bifida: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1814-529X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Nono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00a0jsq62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0060-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Ssemata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00a0jsq62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6436-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femke","family":"Bannink Mbazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00a0jsq62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0583-5272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Seeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00a0jsq62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andren, E. & Grimby, G., 2000, \u2018Dependence and perceived difficulty in activities of daily living in adults with cerebral palsy and spina bifida\u2019, Disability and Rehabilitation 22(7), 299\u2013307. 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A., Souza, V.D., Jorge, B.M., Fumincelli, L., Trevizan, M.A., Ventura, C.A.A. et al., 2017, \u2018Qualidade e seguran\u00e7a do cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente usu\u00e1rio de cateterismo urin\u00e1rio intermitente\u2019, Escola Anna Nery 21(2), e20170045.","DOI":"10.5935\/1414-8145.20170045"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mertens, P. & Bannink, F., 2012, \u2018Interdisciplinary care for children with spina bifida in east and southern Africa\u2019, Journal of Medicine and the Person 10, 129\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12682-012-0126-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s12682-012-0126-x"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munn, Z., Peters, M.D., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., Mcarthur, A. & Aromataris, E., 2018, \u2018Systematic review or scoping review? 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Holleman, G., Cobussen-Boekhorst, H., Arts, R. & Heesakkers, J., 2008, \u2018Adherence to clean intermittent self-catheterization procedures: Determinants explored\u2019, Journal of Clinical Nursing 17, 394\u2013402.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01893.x"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verpoorten, C. & Buyse, G.M., 2008, \u2018The neurogenic bladder: Medical treatment\u2019, Pediatric Nephrology 23, 717\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-007-0691-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0691-z"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warf, B., Ondoma, S., Kulkarni, A., Donnelly, R., Ampeire, M., Akona, J. et al., 2009, \u2018Neurocognitive outcome and ventricular volume in children with myelomeningocele treated for hydrocephalus in Uganda\u2019, Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 4(6), 564\u2013570. 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Brewer, T.L. & Wagoner, L., 2022, Educating School Nurses to Improve Bowel Continence in Children with Spina Bifida, Graduate Publication, Tennessee."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilde, M.H., Brasch, J. & Zhang, Y., 2011, \u2018A qualitative descriptive study of self-management issues in people with long-term intermittent urinary catheters\u2019, Journal of advanced Nursing 67(6), 1254\u20131263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05583.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05583.x"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodward, S. & Rew, M., 2003, \u2018Patients\u2019 quality of life and clean intermittent self-catheterization\u2019, British Journal of Nursing 12(18), 1066\u20131074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjon.2003.12.18.11782","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2003.12.18.11782"}],"container-title":["African Journal of 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