{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:03:11Z","timestamp":1785416591622,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"AOSIS","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Prosthetic rehabilitation modifies functional limitations and psychological challenges caused by amputations, as it helps to restore mobility and body image. A physical rehabilitation centre in Juba, South Sudan, has been providing prosthetic rehabilitation since 2009 in this conflict torn part of the world.\n\nObjectives: To determine the quality of life (QoL) of persons with unilateral transfemoral or transtibial amputations who have received prosthetic rehabilitation in Juba, South Sudan.\n\nMethod: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 40 participants, identified through consecutive sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF)questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted, and relationships between QoL and participants\u2019 demographic and medical information were explored through the t-test and analysis of variance (normally distributed data) and the Mann\u2013Whitney U and Kruskal\u2013Wallace tests (skewed data).\n\nResults: Mean domain scores were physical (74.28%), psychological (72.59%), social (71.40%) and environmental (58.81%). Overall QoL and overall health satisfaction had mean scores of 4.1\/5 and 3.975\/5. Marital status (0.049) and occupation (0.022) played a significant role in psychological QoL. No other demographic or medical variable had a significant effect on overall or domain QoL scores. Women were significantly more satisfied with their health than men (0.046).\n\nConclusion: Overall, participants had high QoL scores. This might be because of prosthetic rehabilitation. Lower scores in the environmental domain might be because of poverty and the continuous danger of armed conflict.\n\nContribution: Even when using basic components, prosthetic rehabilitation can significantly improve QoL after lower limb amputation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v14i0.1671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T06:33:23Z","timestamp":1752561203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quality of life experienced by South Sudanese lower limb prosthetic users after rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8889-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotto Charles Paul","family":"Dominsiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4575-479X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surona","family":"Visagie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adegoke, B., Adeolu, O.K., Olusanjo, C.A. & Alao, L.O., 2012, \u2018Quality of life of Nigerians with unilateral lower limb amputation\u2019, Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development 23(4), 1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5463\/dcid.v23i4.192","DOI":"10.5463\/dcid.v23i4.192"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aleu, G.A., Ayii, I.A. & Amos, A., 2024, \u2018The role of community leadership in combating child marriage for promotion of girl-child education in Jonglei State, South Sudan: A case of Dinka Bor community\u2019, East African Journal of Education Studies 7(2), 141, 142 & 150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37284\/eajes.7.2.1896","DOI":"10.37284\/eajes.7.2.1896"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banskota, B., Bhusal, R., Bhattarai, N., Gurung, Y.P., Yadav, P.K. & Banskota, A.K., 2024, \u2018Health-related quality of life among lower limb amputees using prostheses in Nepal: A cross-sectional study\u2019, BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 16(1), 220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-024-01008-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-01008-y"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barth, C.A., Wladis, A., Blake, C., Bhandarkar, P., Perone, S.A. & O\u2019Sullivan, C., 2021, \u2018Retrospective observational study of characteristics of persons with amputations accessing International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) rehabilitation centres in five conflict and post conflict countries\u2019, BMJ Open 11, e049533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049533","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049533"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bat-Erdene, E., Hiramoto, T., Tumurbaatar, E., Tumur-Ochir, G., Jamiyandorj, O., Yamamoto, E. et al., 2023, \u2018Quality of life in the general population of Mongolia: Normative data on WHOQOL-BREF\u2019, PLoS One 18(9), e0291427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0291427","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291427"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumann, C., Erpelding, M.L., R\u00e9gat, S., Collin, J.F. & Briancon, S., 2010, \u2018The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire: French adult population norms for the physical health, psychological health and social relationship dimensions\u2019, Revue D\u2019epidemiologie et de Sante Publique 58(1), 33\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respe.2009.10.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2009.10.009"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernatchez, J., Mayo, A. & Kayssi, A., 2021, \u2018The epidemiology of lower extremity amputations, strategies for amputation prevention, and the importance of patient-centered care\u2019, Seminars in Vascular Surgery 34(1), 54\u201358.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.011"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Buckinx, B., English, B., Hong, S., Paudel, L., Lewis, K., Ladue, M. et al., 2021, Gender, law, and security: Selected student research from the project on gender and the global community, viewed 26 June 2025, from http:\/\/arks.princeton.edu\/ark:\/88435\/pr1j571."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buetow, S.A., Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00edn, P. & McCormack, B., 2019, \u2018Ultrabilitation: Beyond recovery-oriented rehabilitation\u2019, Disability and Rehabilitation 41(6), 740\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638288.2017.1406997","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1406997"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calabrese, L., Maffoni, M., Torlaschi, V. & Pierobon, A., 2023, \u2018What is hidden behind amputation? Quanti-qualitative systematic review on psychological adjustment and quality of life in lower limb amputees for non-traumatic reasons\u2019, Healthcare 11, 1661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare11111661","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11111661"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chalya, P.L., Mabula, J.B., Dass, R.M., Ngayomela, I.H., Chandrika, A.B., Mbelenge, N. et al., 2012, \u2018Major limb amputations: A tertiary hospital experience in Northwestern Tanzania\u2019, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 7(1), 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-799X-7-18","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-7-18"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Cherwon, B., 2014, \u2018Child soldiers in Africa: A case study of Uganda and South Sudan\u2019, Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi, pp. 1, 13, 45\u201356."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chunteng, N.T., Marie-Ange, N.Y., Mertens, B.F., Jeazet, W.Y., Edjua, A.E., Mahamat, E.B. et al., 2022, \u2018Quality of life following major limb amputations in a rural community in Cameroon\u2019, Open Journal of Orthopedics 12(3), 97\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojo.2022.123011","DOI":"10.4236\/ojo.2022.123011"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz, L.N., Polanczyk, C.A., Camey, S.A., Hoffmann, J.F. & Fleck, M.P., 2011, \u2018Quality of life in Brazil: Normative values for the WHOQOL-bref in a southern general population sample\u2019, Quality of Life Research 20, 1123\u20131129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-011-9845-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9845-3"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deans, S.A., McFadyen, A.K. & Rowe, P.J., 2008, \u2018Physical activity and quality of life: A study of a lower-limb amputee population\u2019, Prosthetics and Orthotics International 32(2), 4\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03093640802016514","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640802016514"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deepak, K., Kumar, D., Mishra, S.R., Gupta, A.K. & Yadav, G., 2023, \u2018Quality of life in people with unilateral lower limb amputation at a tertiary rehabilitation centre in Northern India: A cross-sectional study\u2019, Cureus 15(3), e36985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.36985","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36985"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ensor, M.O., 2012, \u2018Child soldiers and youth citizens in South Sudan\u2019s armed conflict\u2019, Peace Review 24(3), 278\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10402659.2012.704247","DOI":"10.1080\/10402659.2012.704247"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ensor, M.O., 2013, \u2018Participation under fire: Dilemmas of reintegrating child soldiers involved in South Sudan\u2019s armed conflict\u2019, Global Studies of Childhood 3(2), 156\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2304\/gsch.2013.3.2.153","DOI":"10.2304\/gsch.2013.3.2.153"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enweluzo, G.O., Asoegwu, C.N., Ohadugha, A.G. & Udechukwu, O.I., 2023, \u2018Quality of life and life after amputation among amputees in Lagos, Nigeria\u2019, Journal of West African College of Surgeons 13(3), 71\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jwas.jwas_28_23","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_28_23"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ernstsson, O., Hagberg, K., Janssen, M.F., Bonsel, G.J., Korkmaz, S., Zethraeus, N. et al., 2022, \u2018Health-related quality of life in patients with lower limb amputation \u2013 An assessment of the measurement properties of EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L using data from the Swedish amputation and prosthetics registry\u2019, Disability and Rehabilitation 44(26), 8471\u20138479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638288.2021.2015628","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.2015628"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hando, D.J., Byomuganyizi, M.J., Ngendahayo, J.B., Khamisi, R.H., Kivuyo, N.E., Kunambi, P.P. et al., 2023, \u2018Factors influencing the health-related quality of life among limb amputees: A two-center cross-sectional study\u2019, East African Health Research Journal 7(1), 121\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24248\/eahrj.v7i1.718","DOI":"10.24248\/eahrj.v7i1.718"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawari, M.N., Jawaid, M., Tahir, P. & Azmeer, R.A., 2017, \u2018Case study: Survey of patient satisfaction with prosthesis quality and design among below-knee prosthetic leg socket users\u2019, Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 12(8), 868\u2013874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17483107.2016.1269209","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2016.1269209"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawthorne, G., Herrman, H. & Murphy, B., 2006, \u2018Interpreting the WHOQOL-BREF: Preliminary population norms and effect sizes\u2019, Social Indicators Research 77, 37\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11205-005-5552-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-005-5552-1"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarl, G.M., Heinemann, A.W. & Hermansson, L.M.N., 2012, \u2018Orthotics and prosthetics users\u2019 survey \u2013 Modified version\u2019, Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 7(6), 469\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17483107.2012.667196","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2012.667196"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Kalsoom, U., Amjad, T. & Bairam, S., 2018, \u2018Quality of life among lower limb prosthetic users attending artificial limb center of Fauji foundation hospital Rawalpindi\u2019, Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 68(1), 14\u201318."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limakatso, K., Tucker, J., Banda, L., Robertson, C. & Parker, R., 2024, \u2018The profile of people undergoing lower limb amputations at Groote Schuur Hospital\u2019, African Journal of Disability 13, 1152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ajod.v13i0.1152","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v13i0.1152"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migaou, H., Kalai, A., Hassine, Y.H., Jellad, A., Boudokhane, S. & Frih, Z.B.S., 2019, \u2018Quality of life associated factors in a North African sample of lower limbs amputees\u2019, Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 43(3), 321\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5535\/arm.2019.43.3.321","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2019.43.3.321"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mlambo, V.H., Mpanza, S. & Mlambo, D.N., 2019, \u2018Armed conflict and the increasing use of child soldiers in the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Sudan: Implications for regional security\u2019, Journal of Public Affairs 19(2), 1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pa.1896","DOI":"10.1002\/pa.1896"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed, S.A. & Shebl, A.M., 2014, \u2018Quality of life among Egyptian patients with upper and lower limb amputation: Sex differences\u2019, Advances in Medicine 2014, 674323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/674323","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/674323"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nizamli, F.M., 2020, \u2018Quality of life among Syrian patients with war-related lower limb amputation at the Military Hospital in Lattakia\u2019, International Journal of Nursing Sciences 7(3), 2\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnss.2020.05.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2020.05.001"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe, B. & Rout, S., 2019, \u2018Prosthetic rehabilitation in the lower limb\u2019, Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 52(1), 134\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0039-1687919","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1687919"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary, Z., 2017, The essential guide to doing your research project, 3rd edn., Sage, London."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohaeri, J.U., Awadalla, A.W. & Gado, O.M., 2009, \u2018Subjective quality of life in a nationwide sample of Kuwaiti subjects using the short version of the WHO quality of life instrument\u2019, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 44, 693\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-008-0477-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0477-z"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Oxfam, 2017, South Sudan gender analysis: A snapshot situation analysis of the differential impact of the humanitarian crisis on women, girls, men and boys in South Sudan, viewed 16 September 2024, from https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/rr-south-sudan-gender-analysis-060317-en.pdf."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patr\u00edcio, B., Jesus, L.M., Cruice, M. & Hall, A., 2014, \u2018Quality of life predictors and normative data\u2019, Social Indicators Research 119(3), 1557\u20131570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11205-013-0559-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-013-0559-5"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purba, F.D., Hunfeld, J.A.M., Iskandarsyah, A., Fitriana, T.S., Sadarjoen, S.S., Passchier, J. et al., 2018, \u2018Quality of life of the Indonesian general population: Test-retest reliability and population norms of the EQ-5D-5L and WHOQOL-BREF\u2019, PLoS One 13(5), e0197098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0197098","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197098"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razak, M.M.A., Tauhid, M.Z., Yasin, N.F. & Hanapiah, F.A., 2016, \u2018Quality of life among lower limb amputees in Malaysia\u2019, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 222, 450\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.05.135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.05.135"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Rohwerder, B., 2018, Disability in South Sudan, K4D helpdesk report, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, viewed 20 October 2023, from https:\/\/opendocs.ids.ac.uk\/opendocs\/handle\/20.500.12413\/13617."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shankar, P., Grewal, V.S., Agrawal, S. & Nair, S.V., 2020, \u2018A study on quality of life among lower limb amputees at a tertiary prosthetic rehabilitation center\u2019, Medical Journal Armed Forces India 76(1), 89\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mjafi.2019.02.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2019.02.008"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talona, L., Maoneo, A., Kuyigwa, T., Ossinga, B., Lomodo, L. & Ahuka, O.L., 2016, \u2018Overview of epidemiological and etiological amputation in Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)\u2019, Open Journal of Epidemiology 6(2), 154\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojepi.2016.62016","DOI":"10.4236\/ojepi.2016.62016"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tchankoni, M.K., Togan, R.M., Abalo, G.A., Adoli, L.K., Walla, A., Dosseh, D.E. et al., 2024, \u2018Epidemiology of non-traumatic lower extremities amputations in West Africa: Nationwide data from Togo\u2019, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 67(6), 959\u2013968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2024.01.088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2024.01.088"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thewes, B., Rietjens, J.A.C., Van den Berg, S.W., Compen, F.R., Abraham, H., Poort, H. et al., 2018, \u2018The opportunities and pitfalls of self-referral and consecutive sampling as recruitment strategies for psycho-oncology intervention trials\u2019, Journal of the Psychological, Social and Behavioral Dimension of Cancer 27(8), 2056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.4780","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4780"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Ukibe, S.N., Ukibe, N.R., Obi-Okaro, A.C., Ekezie, J., Okeke, C.U. & Onyeanusi, C.T., 2016, \u2018Epidemiology and pattern of limb amputations at a private hospital in Owerri, Imo State, South-East Nigeria\u2019, Orient Journal of Medicine 28(1\u20132), 17\u201321."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Von Kaeppler, E.P., Hetherington, A., Donnelley, C.A., Ali, S.H., Shirley, C., Challa, S.T. et al., 2021, \u2018Impact of prostheses on quality of life and functional status of transfemoral amputees in Tanzania\u2019, African Journal of Disability 10, a839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ajod.v10i0.839","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v10i0.839"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X. & Chang, Z., 2020, \u2018Cross-sectional studies, strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations\u2019, American College of Chest Physicians 158(15), S65\u2013S71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.012"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West, E.C., Williams, L.J., Stuart, A.L. & Pasco, J.A., 2023, \u2018Quality of life in south-eastern Australia: Normative values for the WHOQOL-BREF in a population-based sample of adults\u2019, BMJ Open 13, e073556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073556","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073556"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 1998, Programme on mental health: WHOQOL user manual (No. WHO\/HIS\/HSI Rev. 2012.03), World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wurdeman, S.R., Stevens, P.M. & Campbell, J.H., 2018, \u2018Mobility analysis of amputees (MAAT I): Quality of life and satisfaction are strongly related to mobility for patients with a lower limb prosthesis\u2019, Prosthetics and Orthotics International 42(5), 498\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0309364617736089","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364617736089"},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"Zaheer, A., Sharif, F., Khan, Z., Batool, S. & Iqbal, H., 2020, \u2018Quality of life and depression among lower limb amputees\u2019, Annals of King Edward Medical University 26(2), 364\u2013368."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zidarov, D., Swaine, B. & Gauthier-Gagnon, C., 2009, \u2018Quality of life of persons with lower-limb amputation during rehabilitation and at 3-month follow-up\u2019, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 90(4), 634\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.11.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.11.003"}],"container-title":["African Journal of Disability"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T06:33:32Z","timestamp":1752561212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajod.org\/index.php\/ajod\/article\/view\/1671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ajod.v14i0.1671","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-9170","2226-7220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-9170","type":"print"},{"value":"2226-7220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"article-number":"a1671"}}