{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:28:41Z","timestamp":1787030921928,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"0","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Dry eye, a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface, is considered a significantly growing public health problem worldwide.\n\nAim:\u00a0This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease (DED) in a population attending an eye hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.\n\nSetting:\u00a0The study was conducted at McCord Provincial Eye Hospital in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.\n\nMethods:\u00a0A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted between July 2023 and August 2023. Diagnosis was confirmed with a SPEED score of \u2265 4 and a monocular tear break up time (TBUT) \u2264 10 s or Schirmer 2 \u2264 15 mm\/5 min. Data were managed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.\n\nResults:\u00a0The overall prevalence of DED was 82.3% and highest in those &gt; 65 years of age (odds ratios [OR] = 3.17; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.45\u20136.94;\u00a0p\u00a0= 0.04). Risk factors significantly associated with DED were age (p\u00a0&lt; 0.009), systemic diseases (diabetes [p\u00a0&lt; 0.01], HIV [p\u00a0&lt; 0.02], hypertension [p\u00a0&lt; 0.02] and medication [p\u00a0&lt; 0.01]).\n\nConclusion:\u00a0The study revealed a high DED prevalence, which increased with age. Diabetes, hypertension and HIV were identified as significant risk factors for DED. Routine tear function evaluation should be an integral part of the assessment protocols of these highly susceptible patients. Furthermore, public health education in DED is essential to help reduce prevalence through the promotion of behaviour modifications.\n\nContribution:\u00a0This study provides knowledge regarding the prevalence and risk factors of DED in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/hsag.v30i0.2793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:59:49Z","timestamp":1740110389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dry eye: A hospital-based sociodemographic, risk and clinical classification profile"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0843-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phindile P.","family":"Mdlalose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qzfn040","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1942-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa R.","family":"Moodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qzfn040","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akowuah, P.K. & Kobia-Acquah, E., 2020, \u2018Prevalence of dry eye disease in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis\u2019, Optometry and Vision Science 97(12), 1089\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001610","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001610"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2013, \u2018Dry eye syndrome preferred practice\u2019, in American Academy Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, 16\u201319 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