{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:59:45Z","timestamp":1785419985015,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"AOSIS","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HSAG"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Psychophysiological skin disorders\u2019 high prevalence necessitates establishing factors that enable the development of personal strength, self-esteem and receiving adequate support.\n\nAim: To investigate the relationship between self-esteem and post-traumatic growth (PTG), as well as whether aspects of perceived social support moderate or mediate the relationship between self-esteem and PTG in participants living with psychophysiological skin disorders.\n\nSetting: The study was conducted in South Africa.\n\nMethods: Quantitative, non-experimental, and correlational research design was utilised. 100 participants diagnosed with psychophysiological skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus, and alopecia, were selected using a non-probability convenience sampling method. The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.\n\nResults: Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and multiple hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate the research objectives. A significant positive relationship was found in participants between self-esteem and PTG, with coefficients indicating a moderate to large effect size. As an aspect of perceived social support, emotional-informational support acts as a moderator between self-esteem and PTG. Further, tangible support as an aspect of perceived social support was found not to moderate or mediate the relationship between self-esteem and PTG.\n\nConclusion: The findings of the current study confirm that only emotional-informational support as an aspect of perceived social support moderates the relationship between self-esteem and PTG among participants living with psychophysiological skin disorders.\n\nContribution: This insight highlights the need for psychosocial interventions that prioritise emotional and informational support dimensions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/hsag.v30i0.2981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T12:02:29Z","timestamp":1756209749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emotional-informational support and post-traumatic growth in skin disorders"],"prefix":"10.4102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4650-4760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Hawker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009xwd568","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Free State"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6591-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ntsoaki","family":"Tadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009xwd568","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Free State"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1169-6923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lehlohonolo","family":"Makhakhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009xwd568","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Free State"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, A., Butler, D.C. & Reichenberg, J., 2013, \u2018Quality-of-life effects of common dermatological diseases\u2019, Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 32(2), 101\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12788\/j.sder.0009","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.0009"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaglehole, B., Mulder, R.T., Frampton, C.M., Boden, J.M., Newton-Howes, G. & Bell, C.J., 2018, \u2018Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: Systematic review and meta-analysis\u2019, British Journal of Psychiatry 213(6), 716\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.2018.210","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.210"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beutel, M.E., Br\u00e4hler, E., Wiltink, J., Michal, M., Klein, E.M., J\u00fcnger, C. et al., 2017, \u2018Emotional and tangible social support in a German population-based sample: Development and validation of the brief social support scale (BS6)\u2019, PLoS One 12(10), e0186516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0186516","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186516"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bewley, A., 2017, \u2018The neglected psychological aspects of skin disease\u2019, British Medical Journal 358, j3208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j3208","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3208"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryson, B.A. & Bogart, K.R., 2020, \u2018Social support, stress, and life satisfaction among adults with rare diseases\u2019. Health Psychology 39(10), 912\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/hea0000905","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000905"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chateau, A.V., Blackbeard, D. & Aldous, C., 2023, \u2018The impact of epidermolysis bullosa on the family and healthcare practitioners: A scoping review\u2019, International Journal of Dermatology 62(4), 459\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.16197","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16197"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, A. & Deb, A., 2017, \u2018Positive psychology interventions for chronic physical illnesses: A systematic review\u2019, Psychological Studies 62(3), 213\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12646-017-0421-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12646-017-0421-y"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassanin, A.M., Ismail, N.N., El Guindi, A. & Sowailam, H.A., 2018, \u2018The emotional burden of chronic skin disease dominates physical factors among women, adversely affecting quality of life and sexual function\u2019, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 115, 53\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.10.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.10.011"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, C.Y. & Hsu, M.C., 2013, \u2018Social support as a moderator between depressive symptoms and quality of life outcomes of breast cancer survivors\u2019, European Journal of Oncology Nursing 17(6), 767\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejon.2013.03.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2013.03.011"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"IBM, 2017, SPSS statistics for Windows, Version 28.0, IBM Corp, Armonk, NY."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanji, A., 2019, \u2018Perspective on living with a skin condition and its psychological impact: A survey\u2019, Journal of Patient Experience 6(1), 68\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2374373518774397","DOI":"10.1177\/2374373518774397"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kantor, J., 2021, \u2018Skin disease, sleep, and mental health\u2019, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 84(1), 36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.10.058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.10.058"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Doege, D., Thong, M.S. & Arndt, V., 2020, \u2018The relationship between posttraumatic growth and health-related quality of life in adult cancer survivors: A systematic review\u2019, Journal of Affective Disorders 276, 159\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.044"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyakhovitsky, A., Gilboa, S., Eshkol, A., Barzilai, A. & Baum, S., 2017, \u2018Late-onset alopecia areata: A retrospective cohort study\u2019, Dermatology 233(4), 289\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000481881","DOI":"10.1159\/000481881"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahoney, J.R., Holtzer, R. & Verghese, J., 2023, \u2018Perceived social support dimensions and cognitive outcomes in older adults: A longitudinal study\u2019, Journal of Aging and Health 35(3\u20134), 277\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08982643241279879","DOI":"10.1177\/08982643241279879"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N., 2013, \u2018The role of social support in posttraumatic growth in people struggling with cancer\u2019, Health Psychology Report 1(1), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/hpr.2013.40464","DOI":"10.5114\/hpr.2013.40464"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papadopoulos, L., Bor, R., Legg, C. & Hawk, J.L., 1998, \u2018Impact of life events on the onset of vitiligo in adults: Preliminary evidence for a psychological dimension in aetiology\u2019, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 23(6), 243\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2230.1998.00384.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.1998.00384.x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Picardi, A. & Abeni, D., 2001, \u2018Stressful life events and skin diseases: Disentangling evidence from myth\u2019, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 70(3), 118\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000056237","DOI":"10.1159\/000056237"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Picardi, A., Mazzotti, E., Gaetano, P., Cattaruzza, M.S., Baliva, G., Melchi, C.F. et al., 2005, \u2018Stress, social support, emotional regulation, and exacerbation of diffuse plaque psoriasis\u2019, Psychosomatics 46(6), 556\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.psy.46.6.556","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.46.6.556"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Picardi, A., Pasquini, P., Cattaruzza, M.S., Gaetano, P., Baliva, G., Melchi, C.F. et al., 2003, \u2018Only limited support for a role of psychosomatic factors in psoriasis: Results from a case-control study\u2019, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 55(3), 189\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00574-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00574-3"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poudel, K.C., Buchanan, D.R., Amiya, R.M. & Poudel-Tandukar, K., 2015, \u2018Perceived family support and antiretroviral adherence in HIV-positive individuals: Results from a community-based positive living with HIV study\u2019, International Quarterly of Community Health Education 36(1), 71\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272684X15614220","DOI":"10.1177\/0272684X15614220"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy, M.S. & Chaturvedi, S.K., 2017, \u2018Psychosocial issues in dermatology\u2019, European Medical Journal Dermatology 5(1), 83\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33590\/emjdermatol\/10312653","DOI":"10.33590\/emjdermatol\/10312653"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezaei, N. & Yazdanpanah, N., 2024, \u2018Introduction to psychoneuroimmunology and diseases\u2019, in N. Rezaei & N. Yazdanpanah (eds.), PsychoNeuroImmunology: Volume 2 \u2013 Interdisciplinary approaches to diseases, pp. 1\u201312, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72079-6_1"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg, M., 1965, Society and the adolescent self-image, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rzeszutek, M. & Gruszczy\u0144ska, E., 2018, \u2018Posttraumatic growth among people living with HIV: A systematic review\u2019, Psychosomatic Research 114, 81\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.09.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.09.006"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, R.B., 2017, \u2018Impact of collaboration between psychologists and dermatologists: UK hospital system example\u2019, International Journal of Women\u2019s Dermatology 4(1), 8\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.10.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.10.003"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shan, L., Zhang, T., Liu, W. & Zhao, Y., 2025, \u2018The relationship between perceived social support and mental workload among clinical nurses: The mediating role of positive coping\u2019, BMC Nursing 24(331), a88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02992-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-02992-3"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, D., Mathur, D.M., Jeenger, J., Sharma, M. & Gupta, K., 2018, \u2018Quality of life and self-esteem in patients with psoriasis, vitiligo and healthy controls: Cross sectional study\u2019, Telangana Journal of Psychiatry 4(2), 96\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18231\/2455-8559.2018.0011","DOI":"10.18231\/2455-8559.2018.0011"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, M., Xiao, Y., Su, J., Zhao, S., Li, J., Tao, J. et al., 2020, \u2018Prevalence and patient-reported outcomes of noncommunicable skin diseases among college students in China\u2019, JAAD International 1(1), 23\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdin.2020.03.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2020.03.003"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u0142omian, A., \u0141akuta, P., Bergler-Czop, B. & Brzezi\u0144ska-Wcis\u0142o, L., 2018, \u2018Self-esteem is related to anxiety in psoriasis patients: A case-control study\u2019, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 114, 45\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.09.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.09.005"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sztonyk, B.M. & Formella, Z.S., 2020, \u2018The role of social support in contributing to posttraumatic growth in persons with vision impairment\u2019, Health Psychology Report 8(3), 238\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/hpr.2020.96896","DOI":"10.5114\/hpr.2020.96896"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tedeschi, R.G. & Calhoun, L.G., 1996, \u2018The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma\u2019, Journal of Trauma and Stress 9(3), 455\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02103658","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02103658"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tedeschi, R.G. & Calhoun, L.G., 2004, \u2018Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence\u2019, Psychological Inquiry 15(1), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327965pli1501_01","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1501_01"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Tedeschi, R.G. & Calhoun, L.G., 2006, Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research & practice, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tedeschi, R.G., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Taku, K. & Calhoun, L.G., 2018, Posttraumatic growth: Theory, research, and applications, Routledge, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315527451"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, C. & Papadopoulos, L. (eds.), 2005, Psychodermatology: The psychological impact of skin disorders, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511544170"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaidi, Z., Hussain, K. & Sudhakaran, S., 2019, \u2018Psychocutaneous disorders\u2019, in Treatment of skin diseases: A practical guide, pp. 381\u2013386, Springer, Cham.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-89581-9_27"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhai, J., Huang, Y., Gao, X., Jiang, H. & Xu, J., 2014, \u2018Post-trauma growth in a mainland Chinese population with chronic skin disease\u2019, International Journal of Dermatology 53(4), 450\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05734.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05734.x"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Xiang, X., Zhou, S., Liu, H., He, Y. & Chen, J., 2021, \u2018Physical activity intervention and posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis\u2019, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 152, 110675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110675"}],"container-title":["Health SA Gesondheid"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T12:02:42Z","timestamp":1756209762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hsag.co.za\/index.php\/hsag\/article\/view\/2981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/hsag.v30i0.2981","relation":{},"ISSN":["1025-9848","2071-9736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1025-9848","type":"print"},{"value":"2071-9736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"article-number":"a2981"}}