{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:20:31Z","timestamp":1759335631808,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J\u00e0mb\u00e1"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing frequency of hazards such as floods, droughts, socio-political unrest, emerging diseases and rising temperatures has affected South Africa. In line with the Sendai Framework Principles (2015\u20132030), which anticipate that these hazards can deplete local resources and lead to disaster declarations, this empirical study investigated community vulnerabilities in Tswaing informal settlement during South Africa\u2019s dry winter season. Researchers collaborated with community leaders and officials from the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality to gain access to the study area. Using vulnerability capitals, hazard indicators were systematically identified and recorded according to a standard vulnerability assessment formula. Seven groups of students from the Environmental Health Programme at Tshwane University of Technology undertook transit walks throughout the settlement. RG101 drones equipped with Global Positioning System and smartphone connectivity were utilised for imaging and to survey inaccessible areas.Contribution:\u00a0The vulnerability levels of each capital, along with corresponding indicators and trigger points observed during the transit walks, were calculated. The results indicated that while the community demonstrates a degree of resilience and adaptive capacity, several critical weaknesses remain. These include prevalent illegal electricity connections and poor waste and water quality management. The study highlights the significant role of public participation in hazard management, emphasising the importance of community engagement to ensure water quality management, basic hygiene and electricity safety awareness. These participatory measures are essential for raising awareness about potential hazards and reducing the risk of subsequent disasters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/jamba.v17i1.1890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T09:04:47Z","timestamp":1752829487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing technical aspects and vulnerabilities from Tswaing informal settlement in Hammanskraal, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1905-0596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davies V.","family":"Nkosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4216-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patience","family":"Mbola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8471-0243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn R.","family":"Maleka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9576-5960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dikeledi M.","family":"Mapheto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7311-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Engetelo P.","family":"Ngwenya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2009-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thabang S.","family":"Mokwena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1798-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silas","family":"Mohlala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9579-2317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nchang J.","family":"Langa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9737-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lethabo S.","family":"Kgopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5472-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavia M.","family":"Komane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Andreoli, E. & Viola, P., 2023, \u2018The multicultural state: Hypothesis for framing a concept\u2019, CALUMET 18, 68\u201384."},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arce, S.G., Jeanneret, C., Gales, J., Antonellis, D. & Vaiciulyte, S., 2021, \u2018Human behaviour in informal settlement fires in Costa Rica\u2019, Safety Science 142, 105384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105384"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Berse, K.B., 2018, \u2018Capacity assessment\u2019, in F.C. 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