{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:04:38Z","timestamp":1789733078256,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research examined the governance factors influencing disaster-smart school governance (DSSG) and suggests a comprehensive evaluation framework to enhance resilience within educational systems. Despite global commitments outlined in the Sendai Framework and the comprehensive school safety framework, governance outcomes in school-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) remain inconsistent, primarily due to fragmented institutional capacity and a lack of empirical clarity regarding the significance of various governance dimensions. The research employed a quantitative design using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse data from disaster-smart schools, focusing on the impact of five governance constructs. The results show that risk knowledge (X2) has the strongest positive association with DSSG (\u03b2 = 0.472, p &lt; 0.001, F2 = 0.289), followed by learning, monitoring and accountability (X5) (\u03b2 = 0.277, p &lt; 0.001, F2 = 0.184). Leadership and strategic commitment (X1) and stakeholder participation (X3) show smaller but significant associations, whereas operational preparedness and\/or resource management (X4) is not statistically significant (\u03b2 = 0.017, p = 0.685, F2 = 0.001). These findings contradict prevailing assumptions that emphasise leadership and participatory engagement as the main factors influencing safety governance. The importance of system-centred governance is based on institutional strength, regulatory coherence, resource distribution and ongoing learning.\nContribution: The research presents an evidence-based evaluation framework, highlighting that disaster-smart schools emerge from continuous, measurable and systematic governance processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/jamba.v18i1.2101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:31:49Z","timestamp":1789731109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing disaster-smart school governance to advance an integrated evaluation framework"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-7242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roni Ekha","family":"Putera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ded0672","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Andalas University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0738-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aqil Teguh","family":"Fathani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ded0672","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Andalas University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-663X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zikri","family":"Alhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Administration and Research Centre for Policy, Governance, Development and Empowerment, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-5043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramadhan","family":"Pancasilawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aitsi-Selmi, A., Murray, V., Wannous, C., Dickinson, C., Johnston, D., Kawasaki, A. et al., 2016, \u2018Reflections on a science and technology agenda for 21st century disaster risk reduction\u2019, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 7(1), 1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13753-016-0081-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s13753-016-0081-x"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amri, A., Asian Development Bank (ADB), Lassa, J.A., Tebe, Y., Hanifa, N.R., Kumar, J. & Sagala, S., 2022, \u2018Pathways to disaster risk reduction education integration in schools: Insights from SPAB evaluation in Indonesia\u2019, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 73, 102860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.102860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.102860"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandalos, D.L., 2002, \u2018The effects of item parceling on goodness-of-fit and parameter estimate bias in structural equation modeling\u2019, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 9(1), 78\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15328007SEM0901_5","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0901_5"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bankoff, G. & Hilhorst, D., 2009, \u2018The politics of risk in the Philippines: Comparing state and NGO perceptions of disaster management\u2019, Disasters 33(4), 686\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-7717.2009.01104.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.2009.01104.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bansal, N., Mukherjee, M. & Gairola, A., 2017, \u2018Smart cities and disaster resilience\u2019, in F. 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