{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:32:02Z","timestamp":1773797522641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Floods are the most common natural disasters worldwide. Much of the growing literature on the impact of floods, especially in developed countries, and to a lesser extent in rural areas of developing countries, concentrates on economic rather than a comprehensive assessment of combined effects on people\u2019s livelihoods. Holistic floods impact assessments are often done long after the shock, raising problems of data reliability following long recall periods, although post-disaster needs assessments when carried out earlier can facilitate appropriate disaster recovery, relief and reconstruction activities. We applied the sustainable livelihoods framework as a comprehensive approach to assess the impacts of the Babessi floods in 2012 on livelihoods in rural (north western region) of Cameroon 6 weeks after the floods. Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected from victims before and after the floods, using recall methods. A matched sample of nonvictims randomly selected from the same village as the victims was used to assess vulnerability to the floods by household type. Floods were found to have serious economic, social, human and food security impacts on victims. Both government and nongovernmental support were jointly crucial for household recovery. Comparatively observed high levels of recovery were attributed to the low loss of human lives. The article concludes with the need for comprehensive approaches to floods impact assessments. The need for combining formal and informal instruments in post-disaster management in rural areas is also emphasised.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/jamba.v7i1.197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T13:37:18Z","timestamp":1448631438000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["When nature frowns: A comprehensive impact assessment of the 2012 Babessi floods on people\u2019s livelihoods in rural Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Roland A.","family":"Balgah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gertrud","family":"Buchenrieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Innocent N.","family":"Mbue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-318X.2009.01037.x"},{"key":"ref0002","author":"Adamu","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Guardian Post"},{"key":"ref0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5973.2006.00497.x"},{"key":"ref0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jamba.v5i1.60"},{"key":"ref0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19390459.2010.511452"},{"key":"ref0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjssci.2011.13.22"},{"key":"ref0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/AJEA\/2014\/7084"},{"key":"ref0008","author":"Bang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social vulnerability and risk perception to natural hazards in Cameroon two decades after the lake Nyos Disaster: What future prospect for the displaced disaster victims?"},{"key":"ref0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jamba.v5i2.77"},{"key":"ref0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-0862.2007.00278.x"},{"key":"ref0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/0-8213-5685-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref0012","first-page":"21","volume":"2012","author":"Cabtree","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies"},{"key":"ref0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018789623581"},{"key":"ref0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220380500405261"},{"key":"ref0015","first-page":"4862","author":"Cuaresma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Natural disasters and human capital accumulation"},{"key":"ref0016","author":"Department for International Development (DFID)","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets"},{"key":"ref0017","author":"Feron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Monsoon floods in Assan, India. European Union\/ECHO"},{"key":"ref0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jamba.v6i1.119"},{"key":"ref0019","author":"Guha-Sapir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thirty years of natural disasters 1974\u20132003: The numbers"},{"key":"ref0020","author":"Guha-Sapir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual disaster statistical review. The numbers and trends"},{"key":"ref0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00594.x"},{"key":"ref0022","author":"Guha-Sapir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annual disaster statistical review. The numbers and trends"},{"key":"ref0023","author":"Holzmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social risk management. The World Bank\u2019s approach to social protection in a globalized world"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"ref0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2006.07.006","volume":"9","author":"Ingram","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Policy"},{"key":"ref0025","author":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC]","year":"2014","journal-title":"UN climate change chief Christiana Figueres! Latest IPCC findings point to extreme climate change risk: Plethora of opportunities for climate action"},{"key":"ref0026","author":"International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disaster statistics 1991\u20132005"},{"key":"ref0027","author":"Karin","year":"2001","journal-title":"\u2018The sources of vulnerability: A rationale and guideline for the assessment of risks and risk responses\u2019, paper prepared for the Social Protection Discussion Paper Series, Human Development Network"},{"key":"ref0028","author":"Kydd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Agriculture and rural livelihoods: Is globalization opening or blocking paths out of rural poverty?"},{"key":"ref0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jamba.v7i1.155"},{"key":"ref0030","author":"Loh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cameroon Tribune"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref0031","first-page":"399","volume":"74","author":"Malilay","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref0032","first-page":"28","author":"Meinzen-Dick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Applying the sustainable livelihoods framework to impact assessment in integrated natural resource management"},{"key":"ref0033","author":"Minten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Beyond market liberalization: Welfare income generation and environmental sustainability in rural Madagascar"},{"key":"ref0034","author":"Mogato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Typoon kills at least 1200 in Philippines: Red Cross"},{"key":"ref0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-009-9194-5"},{"key":"ref0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jae\/ejq004"},{"key":"ref0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001353","volume":"38","author":"Neira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"ref0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00185094"},{"key":"ref0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-7065(02)00090-6"},{"key":"ref0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-006-0003-0"},{"key":"ref0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09535314.2013.871505"},{"key":"ref0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-318X.2009.01031.x"},{"key":"ref0043","author":"Scoones","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sustainable rural livelihoods: A framework for analysis"},{"key":"ref0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-11-459-2011"},{"key":"ref0045","author":"United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR)","year":"2015","journal-title":"The pocket GAR 2015. Making development sustainable. The future of disaster risk management"},{"key":"ref0046","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Floods: Climate change and adaptation strategies for human health"},{"key":"ref0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.6847"},{"key":"ref0048","author":"Wollmer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crop-livestock integration: The dynamics of intensification in contrasting agroecological zones: A review"}],"container-title":["J\u00e0mb\u00e1: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/jamba.org.za\/index.php\/jamba\/article\/viewFile\/197\/361","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:44:42Z","timestamp":1567385082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jamba.org.za\/index.php\/jamba\/article\/view\/197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/jamba.v7i1.197","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-845X","1996-1421"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-845X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1996-1421","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]}}}