{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:14:51Z","timestamp":1784830491394,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Medpharm Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512691200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) is a small antelope of the family Bovidae native to the African continent. Urolithiasis, the formation of urinary calculi in the urinary tract, can be caused by a variety of factors such as diet, dehydration, infection and anatomical predisposition. Urolithiasis, with uroliths identified as magnesium calcium phosphate carbonate in composition, was diagnosed in a hand-reared 5-month-old steenbok. Perineal urethrostomy was performed as a component of the broad treatment regime that included fluid therapy, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment. However, the animal died 4 days later as a result of systemic hypoxia and energy depletion because of stress and cachexia. The challenges of post-surgical treatment, the importance of positive energy balance in small ruminants under stressful circumstances, as well as the role of diet of hand-reared antelope in predisposition to urolith formation are highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v88i0.1536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T13:55:13Z","timestamp":1512482113000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Perineal urethrostomy to treat obstructive urolithiasis in a captive hand-raised steenbok (&lt;i&gt;Raphicerus campestris&lt;\/i&gt;)"],"prefix":"10.36303","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Luke 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