{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T08:28:46Z","timestamp":1769848126892,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Onderstepoort J Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>When looking back into the history of botulism and  contemplating the final understanding of the syndrome and the ultimate  solutions, there are four facets that stand out clearly. The first is that much  of the solution was guided by astute observations, curious travellers, committed  veterinarians and particularly farmers themselves who were able to relate the  occurrence of the condition to climatic and grazing conditions. Secondly, there  was the identification of the osteophagia and pica syndrome which led to the  feeding of bone-meal as a successful mitigating measure as well as the  establishment that botulism was not due to a plant poisoning. Thirdly, the  solution of the problem depended on the integration of experience and knowledge  from diverse disciplines such as soil science, animal behaviour and husbandry,  nutrition, botany and ultimately advanced bacteriology and the science of  immunology. Finally it required the technical advancement to produce toxoids in  large quantities and formulate effective aluminium hydroxide precipitated and  oil emulsion vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v76i1.54","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T03:21:52Z","timestamp":1346037712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A brief history of botulism in South Africa : historical overview : Onderstepoort and veterinary research in Africa"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"C.M.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]},"container-title":["Onderstepoort J Vet Res"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/54\/48","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T07:20:19Z","timestamp":1496301619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/view\/54"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ojvr.v76i1.54","relation":{},"ISSN":["2219-0635","0030-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2219-0635","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0030-2465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]}}}