{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:17:35Z","timestamp":1753885055378},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Onderstepoort J Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A longitudinal study of animal and human rabies  covering 18 years from 1989 to 2006 was retrospectively conducted in order to  highlight the epidemiological features and trends of the disease in Botswana.  Over the 18-year period, a total of 4 306 brain specimens collected from various  species of animals including human beings with clinical signs consistent with  rabies were submitted to the National Veterinary Laboratory in Gaborone for  confirmatory diagnosis. Of the samples submitted, 2 419 cases were found to be  positive for lyssavirus antigen; this presents an overall prevalence rate of  56.18 \u00b1 1.48 %. About 85.7 % (2 074\/2 419) of the cases were from domestic  animals, 14.2 % (343\/2 419) cases were from wild animals and two cases (0.1 %)  were from human beings. During the first half of the study (1989-1997) the  prevalence rate of the disease was estimated at 62.79 \u00b1 1.85 % (1 645\/2 620  positive) whereas during the second half (1998-2006) it was estimated at 45.91 \u00b1  2.38 % (774\/1 686 positive) and the difference between the two estimates was  statistically, highly significant (\u0394 % = 16.88, SE 95) diff % =  3.015, SD = 5.599; P &lt; 0.001). Ruminant rabies accounted for 79.99 %  (50.92 % bovine, 28.40 % caprine and 0.67 % ovine) whereas canine (domestic dog)  and feline (domestic cat) accounted for 16.01 and 0.87 %, respectively. Equine  rabies accounted for 3.13 % with 1.35 and 1.78 %, respectively, for horses and  donkeys. Jackal rabies accounted for more than 60 % of the total cases in wild  animals. These findings are discussed in relation to the previous  epidemiological situation of the disease (1979-1988), its socio-economic impact,  monitoring and control in Botswana.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v76i4.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T03:21:52Z","timestamp":1346037712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A retrospective longitudinal study of animal and human rabies in Botswana 1989-2006"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"K.T.","family":"Moagabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.B.","family":"Monyame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.K.","family":"Baipoledi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Letshwenyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mapitse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.M.K.","family":"Hyera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,9]]},"container-title":["Onderstepoort J Vet Res"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/24\/21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T07:20:06Z","timestamp":1496301606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/view\/24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ojvr.v76i4.24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2219-0635","0030-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2219-0635","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0030-2465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,9]]}}}