{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:11:48Z","timestamp":1790233908576,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Onderstepoort J Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis (nagana) has been the cause of stock losses in the recent past and still presents a major problem to livestock owners in certain areas of KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa. Over 10 000 cattle mortalities were reported in the 1990 nagana outbreak. Although information on the distribution and abundance of the tsetse flies Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni in KwaZulu-Natal exists, data on their vector competence are lacking. This study aimed to determine the rate of natural Trypanosoma congolense infection by field-collected as well as colony-reared flies of these species. A total of 442 field-collected G. brevipalpis and 40 G. austeni flies were dissected immediately after collection to determine their infection rates, whilst 699 G. brevipalpis and 49 G. austeni flies were fed on susceptible animals in 10 and four batches, respectively, for use in xenodiagnosis experiments. Teneral colony flies were fed on infected animals and dissected 21 days post infection to confirm their infectivity testing. Glossina austeni harboured 8% immature and mature infections. In G. brevipalpis, the infection with the immature stages was lower (1%) and no mature infections were observed. Although all four batches of G. austeni transmitted T. congolense to four susceptible animals, no transmission resulted from 10 batches of G. brevipalpis fed on susceptible cattle. Colony-derived G. austeni (534) and G. brevipalpis (882) were fed on four bovines infected with different T. congolense isolates. Both G. austeni and G. brevipalpis acquired trypanosome infection from the bovines, with immature infection ranges of 20% \u2013 33% and 1% \u2013 4%, respectively. Parasites, however, only matured in G. austeni (average = 4%). Glossina austeni plays a larger role in the epidemiology of animal trypanosomosis in KwaZulu-Natal than G. brevipalpis and therefore more focus should be aimed at the former when control measures are implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v79i1.353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T10:26:54Z","timestamp":1329820014000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Vector competence of &lt;i&gt;Glossina austeni&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Glossina brevipalpis&lt;\/i&gt; for &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma congolense&lt;\/i&gt; in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Makhosazana","family":"Motloang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Masumu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barend","family":"Mans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Van den Bossche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdalla","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(83)90036-X"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(03)53002-0"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"\u2018Trypanosomosis in Zululand\u2019, in Proceedings of the 24th meeting of the SARCCUS standing committee for animal health, Mbabane","author":"Bagnall, R.J."},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"317","article-title":"\u2018Trypanosomiasis in Zululand and control of tsetse flies by chemical means\u2019","volume":"26","author":"Du Toit, R.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2005.00582.x"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Standard operating procedures for mass-rearing tsetse flies","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization\/International Atomic Energy Agency"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Tsetse in the Transvaal and surrounding territories: an historical review","author":"Fuller, C."},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"\u2018Monitoring of trypanosomiasis on a dairy farm under apparent low tsetse challenge at the Kenyan coast\u2019","author":"Gaturaga, I.M., Maloo, S.H., Loehr, K.F."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00313-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v81i4.151","article-title":"\u2018Prevalence of mixed Trypanosoma congolense infections in livestock and tsetse in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"81","author":"Gillingwater, K., Mamabolo, M.V., Majiwa, P.A.O.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.02.022"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300056613"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300050203"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Thee use of geostatistics and remote sensing to optimise tsetse field survey results: The example of KwaZulu-Natal\u2019, Newsletter on Integrated Control of Pathogenic Trypanosomes and their Vectors","author":"Hendrickx, G., Nevill, E., Biesemans, J., Kappmeier-Green, K., Van Camp, N., Williams, R."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(76)90059-5"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"327","article-title":"\u2018Evaluation of proposed odour-baited target to control the tsetse flies Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) in South Africa\u2019","volume":"66","author":"Kappmeier, K., Nevill, E.M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"15","article-title":"\u2018A newly developed odour-baited \u201cH trap\u201d for the live collection of Glossina austeni and Glossina brevipalpis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in South Africa\u2019","volume":"67","author":"Kappmeier, K.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"195","article-title":"\u2018Review of tsetse flies and trypanosomosis in South Africa\u2019","volume":"65","author":"Kappmeier, K., Nevill, E.M., Bagnall, R.J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"308","article-title":"\u2018A strategy for an area-wide control campaign with an SIT-(Glossina austeni and Glossina brevipalpis) free South Africa\u2019, in M.J.B. 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