{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T11:49:14Z","timestamp":1788608954417,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Onderstepoort J Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Milk production using local cattle breed-types is an age-old practice in Malawi. Although  dairy farming is becoming more common as a result of the increasing population and demand for milk and milk products, there is limited knowledge of the farmers\u2019 awareness  of zoonotic disease risks, their preventative practices and the disease burden in animals.  This study determined dairy farmers\u2019 general knowledge of zoonoses, assessed their risks  for infection with zoonotic bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and brucellosis, and evaluated farm practices to prevent disease transmission. A questionnaire was drawn up and administered by  the authors. It was used to collect information about the knowledge and preventive practices  of 140 out of 684 registered dairy farmers at Mzuzu Agricultural Development Division,  northern Malawi. During a second visit to 60 out of the 140 farms, a total of 156 and 95 cattle  were tested for brucellosis and tuberculosis, respectively. Most farmers (77.1%) knew or  had heard of zoonotic diseases, whilst 75.0% correctly named at least one zoonotic disease.  More survey participants named tuberculosis as a zoonotic disease compared to brucellosis  (74.3% versus 2.9%). The most commonly named means of transmission were milk (67.0%)  and meat (56.0%). Almost all survey participants (96.4%) practised at least one farm activity  that could lead to potential transmission of brucellosis or bTB, including sale (67.0%) and  consumption (34.0%) of unpasteurised milk. Antibodies against brucellosis were found in 12  cattle (7.7%), whilst one animal (1.1%) reacted to the tuberculin skin test. General knowledge  about possible transmission of diseases between humans and animals was high, although  most farmers practised risk behaviours that could potentially expose the public to milk-borne  zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis and bTB. Furthermore, some animals had positive results  for brucellosis and tuberculosis tests. Therefore, improvement of zoonotic disease prevention  programmes, as well as further investigation into the prevalence and risk factors for zoonoses,  is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v81i1.594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,28]],"date-time":"2014-02-28T08:56:01Z","timestamp":1393577761000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Risk, knowledge and preventive measures of  smallholder dairy farmers in northern Malawi with  regard to zoonotic brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Stanly Fon","family":"Tebug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilson R.","family":"Njunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizeck G.G.","family":"Chagunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob P.","family":"Mapemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Awah-Ndukum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffi","family":"Wiedemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-9972-4"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-008-9184-8"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(93)90066-3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9604-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01265.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v79i1.234"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-162"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005075112393"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-315"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1428.015"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00249-3"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9761-5"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-6-21"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2003.08.004"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/bahpa.v53i2.32695"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01175.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/837950"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-9919-9"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-9887-0"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200004000-00010"}],"container-title":["Onderstepoort J Vet Res"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/594\/931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T11:18:32Z","timestamp":1496315912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/view\/594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ojvr.v81i1.594","relation":{},"ISSN":["2219-0635","0030-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2219-0635","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0030-2465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]}}}