{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:32:14Z","timestamp":1757453534832,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Onderstepoort j. vet. res."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Zimbabwe, there have been no chlamydiosis and limited brucellosis studies in goats. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of the two diseases in goats at three different livestock\u2013wildlife interface areas: porous, non-porous and non-interface in the south-eastern lowveld of Zimbabwe. Collected sera (n = 563) were tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and the complement fixation test (CFT); and for Chlamydia abortus antibodies using the CFT. All tested goats were negative for Brucella antibodies. Overall, chlamydial seroprevalence was 22%. The porous [c2 = 9.6, odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, p = 0.002] and non-porous (c2 = 37.5, OR = 5.8, p &lt; 0.00001) interfaces were approximately three and six times more likely to be chlamydial seropositive than the non-interface area, respectively. Chlamydial seroprevalence was not associated with sex (c2 = 0.5, OR = 1.2, p = 0.5), abortion history in female goats (c2 = 0.7, OR = 1.3, p = 0.4), keeping goats with cattle (c2 = 0.2, OR = 1.5, p = 0.7) or flock size (c2 = 0.03, OR = 1.4, p = 0.9). Our study provides the first serological evidence of chlamydiosis in goats in Zimbabwe and the results suggest that proximity to wildlife is associated with increased chlamydial seropositivity. Further studies are required to determine the role of chlamydial infection on goat reproductive failure and that of wildlife on C. abortus transmission to domestic ruminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v86i1.1670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T22:49:17Z","timestamp":1566254957000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Brucellosis and chlamydiosis seroprevalence in goats at livestock\u2013wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1920-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon","family":"Bhandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1818-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davies M.","family":"Pfukenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2615-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gift","family":"Matope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9264-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Absolom","family":"Murondoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7768-651X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musavengana","family":"Tivapasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8943-8188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masimba","family":"Ndengu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0013-9788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Scacchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6001-9833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Bonfini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5438-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"De Garine-Wichatitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470753316"},{"key":"ref0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/5740-VETMED"},{"key":"ref0003","first-page":"383","author":"Alton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Animal brucellosis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1989.tb00627.x","volume":"36","author":"Appel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B \u2013 Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Food Hygiene & Veterinary Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0258-2","volume":"45","author":"Asmare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health & Production"},{"key":"ref0006","first-page":"924","volume":"75","author":"Bhaskar Rao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813000204","volume":"141","author":"Caron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"key":"ref0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aje.12288"},{"key":"ref0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6986"},{"key":"ref0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-36.1.35"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2012.10.007","volume":"36","author":"De Garine-Wichatitsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref0012","first-page":"27","author":"Dohoo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary epidemiologic research"},{"key":"ref0013","first-page":"228","author":"Dube","year":"2010","journal-title":"A review of the environmental, social and economic impacts of game and veterinary fencing in Africa with particular reference to the Great Limpopo and Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Areas"},{"key":"ref0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.023"},{"key":"ref0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1981.tb01754.x"},{"key":"ref0016","first-page":"57","author":"FAO","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brucella melitensis in Eurasia and the Middle East"},{"key":"ref0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2744-3"},{"key":"ref0018","first-page":"350","author":"Garin-Bastuji","year":"1997","journal-title":"Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-9890-5","volume":"44","author":"Gomo","year":"2012a","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health & Production"},{"key":"ref0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v79i1.417"},{"journal-title":"Paper presented at the SADCC Congress on Animal Diseases","year":"1987","author":"Halliwell","key":"ref0021"},{"key":"ref0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.k2450"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref0023","first-page":"359","volume":"85","author":"Krkalic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinarski Arhiv"},{"key":"ref0024","first-page":"153","author":"MacMillan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Animal brucellosis"},{"key":"ref0025","first-page":"133","volume":"20","author":"Madsen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref0026","first-page":"240","volume":"26","author":"Madsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"},{"key":"ref0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-005-0842-2"},{"key":"ref0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-2-261"},{"key":"ref0029","first-page":"22","author":"Matthews","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diseases of the goat"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811001178","volume":"140","author":"Megersa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"key":"ref0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/ES12-00239.1"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-006-4320-9","volume":"38","author":"Muma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health & Production"},{"journal-title":"\u2018Seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants and farmer awareness of the disease on selected farms in Beatrice, Zimbabwe\u2019","year":"2013","author":"Musarandoga","key":"ref0033"},{"key":"ref0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v72i2.616"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817000097","volume":"145","author":"Ndengu","year":"2017a","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"key":"ref0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.08.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-1536-4","volume":"50","author":"Ndengu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health & Production"},{"key":"ref0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30030-X"},{"journal-title":"Enzootic abortion in ewes (ovine chlamydiosis) (infection with Chlamydophila abortus)","year":"2012","author":"OIE","key":"ref0039"},{"journal-title":"Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals","year":"2016","author":"OIE","key":"ref0040"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref0041","first-page":"143","volume":"57","author":"Ribeiro","year":"1990","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"ref0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.07.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref0043","first-page":"215","volume":"11","author":"Rodolakis","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annales Recherches Veterinaires"},{"key":"ref0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005692"},{"key":"ref0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v77i1.1"},{"key":"ref0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2012001100002"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-017-1495-1","volume":"50","author":"Simpson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health & Production"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-013-0439-7","volume":"45","author":"Teklue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health & Production"},{"key":"ref0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsase.2015.11.001"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref0050","first-page":"1796","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"}],"container-title":["Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/1670\/1966","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/1670\/1965","content-type":"application\/epub+zip","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/1670\/1967","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/1670\/1964","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/1670\/1964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T10:14:39Z","timestamp":1566555279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/view\/1670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ojvr.v86i1.1670","relation":{},"ISSN":["2219-0635","0030-2465"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2219-0635"},{"type":"print","value":"0030-2465"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]}}}