{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:50:36Z","timestamp":1788911436896,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"],"DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v90i1.2114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T09:30:11Z","timestamp":1703583011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in North West Province, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Bontsi","family":"Marumo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiny M.","family":"Hlokwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prudence N.","family":"Kayoka-Kabongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali, S., Akhter, S., Neubauer, H., Melzer, F., Khan, I., Ali, Q. et al., 2015, 'Serological, cultural, and molecular evidence of Brucella infection in small ruminants in Pakistan', Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9(5), 470-475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.5110","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.5110"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Bergey, D.H. & Holt, J., 1993, Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 9th edn., Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cameron, C. & Trivedi, P.K., 2001, 'Essentials of Count Data Regression' in H. Badi Baltagi (ed.), A Companion to Theoretical Econometrics, pp. 331-348, Wiley online, Blackwell, Oxford. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470996249","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470996249"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Daniel, W.W., 1999, Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the health sciences, 7th edn., Wiley & Sons, New York."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), 2016a, 'Immunological response to Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccination of cattle in a communal area in South Africa', Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 89, 1-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/jsava.v89i0.1527","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v89i0.1527"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), 2016b, 'Evaluation of DNA extraction protocols for Brucella abortus PCR detection in aborted fetuses or calves born from cows experimentally infected with strain 2308', Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 40(3), 480-489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1517-83822009000300010","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822009000300010"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), 2016c, Discussion paper on the review of bovine brucellosis control in South Africa, DAFF, Pretoria."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Department of Health, 1984, Animal diseases Act 35 of 1984, South African Government, Government Gazette, Pretoria."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Department of Health, 2002, Animal Health Act 7 of 2002, South African Government, Government Gazette, Pretoria."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Department of Health, 2017, National Health Act 61, 2003, Government Notices 15 Dec 2017, 1434, Government Gazette, South Africa, Pretoria."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dorneles, E.M.S., Sriranganathan, N. & Lage, A.P., 2015, 'Recent advances in Brucella abortus vaccines', Veterinary Research 46(1), 1-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-015-0199-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0199-7"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ducrotoy, M., Bertu, W.J., Matope, G., Cadmus, S., Conde-\u00c1lvarez, R., Gusi, A.M. et al., 2017, 'Brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa: Current challenges for management, diagnosis and control', Acta Tropica 165, 179-193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.023"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Godfroid, J., Bishop, G., Bosman, P. & Herr, S., 2004, 'Bovine brucellosis', in J.A.W. Coetzer & R.C. Tustin (eds.), Infectious diseases of livestock, vol. 3, pp. 1510-152, Oxford University Press, Cape Town."},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Govindasamy, K., 2020, 'Human brucellosis in South Africa: A review for medical practitioners', South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 110(7), 646-651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7196\/SAMJ.2020.v110i7.14538"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kolo, F.B., Adesiyun, A.A., Fasina, F.O., Katsande, C.T., Dogonyaro, B.B., Potts, A. et al., 2019, 'Seroprevalence and characterization of Brucella species in cattle slaughtered at Gauteng abattoirs, South Africa', Veterinary Medicine and Science 5(4), 545-555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.190","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.190"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lokamar, P.N., Kutwah, M.A., Atieli, H., Gumo, S. & Ouma, C., 2020, 'Socio-economic impacts of brucellosis on livestock production and reproduction performance in Koibatek and Marigat regions, Baringo County, Kenya', BMC Veterinary Research 16(1), 1-13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-020-02283-w","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02283-w"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Madut, N.A., Muwonge, A., Nasinyama, G.W., Muma, J.B., Godfroid, J., Jubara, A.S. et al., 2018, 'The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12(6), e0006456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006456"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCrindle, C.M.E., Manoto, S.N. & Harris, B., 2020, 'Sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the Bojanala Region, North West Province, South Africa 2009-2013', Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 91, 1-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/jsava.v91i0.2032","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v91i0.2032"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Modisane, B.M., 2019, An investigation of the socio-economic impact of bovine Brucellosis in the Mabeskraal Community of Moses Kotane Municipality, North West Province of South Africa, North-West, Mafikeng campus, Mahikeng, South Africa."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Negash, W. & Dubie, T., 2021, 'Study on seroprevalence and associated factors of bovine Brucellosis in selected districts of Afar National Regional State, Afar, Ethiopia', Veterinary Medicine International 2021, 8829860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8829860","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8829860"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nielsen, K., 2002, 'Diagnosis of brucellosis by serology', Veterinary Microbiology 90(1-4), 447-459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00229-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00229-8"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Ntirandekura, J.B., Matemba, L.E., Kimera, S.I., Muma, J.B. & Karimuribo, E.D., 2018, 'Association of brucellosis with abortion prevalence in humans and animals in Africa: A review', African Journal of Reproductive Health 22(3), 120-136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29063\/ajrh2018\/v22i3.13"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"OIE 2019, Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, B. mellitensis and B. suis. Terrestrial Animal health code, pp. 1-10, viewed 26 October 2021, from http:\/\/www.oie.int\/fileadmin\/Home\/esp\/Health_standards\/tahm\/2.01.04_BRUCELLOSIS.pdf."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pappas, G., Akritidis, N., Bosilkovski, M. & Tsianos, E., 2005, 'Medical progress Brucellosis', The New England Journal of Medicine 352(22), 2325-23236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra050570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050570"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Potts, A., unpublished data: Bacterial serology BS\/ME 001,003,005."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saeed, U., Ali, S., Latif, T., Rizwan, M., Saif, A., Iftikhar, A. et al., 2020, 'Prevalence and spatial distribution of animal brucellosis in central Punjab, Pakistan', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(18), 1-14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17186903","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186903"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simpson, G., Thompson, P.N., Saegerman, C., Marcotty, T., Letesson, J.J., De Bolle, X. et al., 2021, 'Brucellosis in wildlife in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Scientific Reports 11(1), 1-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-85441-w","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85441-w"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Thrusfield, M., 2007, Veterinary epidemiology, 3rd edn., Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, viewed n.d., from https:\/\/www.blackwellpublishing.com."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Bai, L., Zhao, Y., Liu, C. et al., 2014, 'Polymerase chain reaction-based assays for the diagnosis of human brucellosis', Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 13(1), 1-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-014-0031-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-014-0031-7"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), 2005, The control of neglected zoonotic diseases: A route to poverty alleviation: Report of a joint WHO\/DFID-AHP meeting, 20 and 21 September 2005, pp. 1-65, viewed 15 January 2021, from www.who.int\/zoonoses\/Report_Sept06.pdf."}],"container-title":["Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/2114\/2539","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/2114\/2540","content-type":"application\/epub+zip","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/2114\/2541","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/2114\/2542","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ojvr.org\/index.php\/ojvr\/article\/viewFile\/2114\/2542","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T11:13:47Z","timestamp":1744715627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ojvr.org\/index.php\/OJVR\/article\/view\/2114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ojvr.v90i1.2114","relation":{},"ISSN":["2219-0635","0030-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2219-0635","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0030-2465","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]}}}